Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients
Purpose Racial disparities persist among lung cancer patients but have not been adequately studied among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups, which are heterogeneous. This study compared clinical and demographic characteristics at diagnosis of API subgroups and NHW patients. Methods NHW and API a...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancer causes & control 2022-04, Vol.33 (4), p.547-557 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 557 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 547 |
| container_title | Cancer causes & control |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Patel, Parth B. Alpert, Naomi Taioli, Emanuela Flores, Raja |
| description | Purpose
Racial disparities persist among lung cancer patients but have not been adequately studied among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups, which are heterogeneous. This study compared clinical and demographic characteristics at diagnosis of API subgroups and NHW patients.
Methods
NHW and API adults diagnosed with lung cancer were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990–2015). API was divided into eight subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess adjusted associations of clinical and demographic factors with API/subgroups.
Results
There were 522,702 (92.6%) NHW and 41,479 (7.4%) API lung cancer patients. API were less likely to be diagnosed at the age of ≥ 80 years (OR
adj
0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58 for ≥ 80 vs. ≤ 39 years) than NHW. However, Japanese patients were more often diagnosed at ≥ 80 years compared to other ethnic subgroups. API were less often female (OR
adj
0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86), and unmarried (OR
adj
0.71, 95% CI 0.68–0.74); however, among API, Japanese, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, and Vietnamese were more often unmarried, compared to Chinese patients. API were more frequently diagnosed at stage IV, compared to stage I (OR
adj
1.31, 95% CI 1.27–1.35). API had significantly less squamous cell carcinoma (OR
adj
0.54, 95% CI 0.52–0.56, compared to adenocarcinoma); among API, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other were more likely than Chinese patients to present with squamous cell histology (range: OR
adj
[Other] 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.41; OR
adj
[Hawaiian/Pacific Islander] 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.75).
Conclusion
At diagnosis, there are significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between NHW, API, and API subgroups. Treating API patients as a single population may overlook biological, environmental, and behavioral differences that might be beneficial in designing prevention strategies and treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2637579080</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2637579080</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-dd9c5dd61943e5bda5c971dfd82e6de7305668c62153caf8ad488632c689c19b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kctOHDEQRa0oKExIfiCLyFLWDn603e4l4i2hhAUoS6um7J4x6nF37B4h_oJPxjAk7Fh54XNPuXwJ-Sb4T8F5e1gE11oyLgXjQjeW6Q9kIXSrWCul_kgWvNMt07JR--RzKXecc20k_0T2leaNklYsyONJLBPkOMdQaEwUh5giwkAheerDZlxlmNYRKa4hA84hxzJHLBQ2Y1rRoxIhHV4Dxr4yl2WosZBfwr_GxC6e5dVH_6zjHGgK98MD9RFWaSzB02FbFQgJa2SC-oQ0ly9kr4ehhK-v5wG5PTu9Ob5gV7_PL4-Prhgqa2bmfYfaeyO6RgW99KCxa4XvvZXB-NCquqqxaKTQCqG34BtrjZJobIeiW6oD8mPnnfL4dxvK7O7GbU51pJNGtbrtuOWVkjsK81hKDr2bctxAfnCCu-cS3K4EV0twLyU4XUPfX9Xb5Sb4_5F_v14BtQNKvUqrkN9mv6N9Av8UlKE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2637579080</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Patel, Parth B. ; Alpert, Naomi ; Taioli, Emanuela ; Flores, Raja</creator><creatorcontrib>Patel, Parth B. ; Alpert, Naomi ; Taioli, Emanuela ; Flores, Raja</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Racial disparities persist among lung cancer patients but have not been adequately studied among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups, which are heterogeneous. This study compared clinical and demographic characteristics at diagnosis of API subgroups and NHW patients.
Methods
NHW and API adults diagnosed with lung cancer were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990–2015). API was divided into eight subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess adjusted associations of clinical and demographic factors with API/subgroups.
Results
There were 522,702 (92.6%) NHW and 41,479 (7.4%) API lung cancer patients. API were less likely to be diagnosed at the age of ≥ 80 years (OR
adj
0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58 for ≥ 80 vs. ≤ 39 years) than NHW. However, Japanese patients were more often diagnosed at ≥ 80 years compared to other ethnic subgroups. API were less often female (OR
adj
0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86), and unmarried (OR
adj
0.71, 95% CI 0.68–0.74); however, among API, Japanese, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, and Vietnamese were more often unmarried, compared to Chinese patients. API were more frequently diagnosed at stage IV, compared to stage I (OR
adj
1.31, 95% CI 1.27–1.35). API had significantly less squamous cell carcinoma (OR
adj
0.54, 95% CI 0.52–0.56, compared to adenocarcinoma); among API, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other were more likely than Chinese patients to present with squamous cell histology (range: OR
adj
[Other] 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.41; OR
adj
[Hawaiian/Pacific Islander] 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.75).
Conclusion
At diagnosis, there are significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between NHW, API, and API subgroups. Treating API patients as a single population may overlook biological, environmental, and behavioral differences that might be beneficial in designing prevention strategies and treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0957-5243</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7225</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35043281</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adenocarcinoma ; Asian Americans ; Asians ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cancer Research ; Demographics ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Hematology ; Histology ; Humans ; Lung cancer ; Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ; Oncology ; Original Paper ; Pacific Islander people ; Patients ; Public Health ; Race factors ; Regression analysis ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Subgroups</subject><ispartof>Cancer causes & control, 2022-04, Vol.33 (4), p.547-557</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-dd9c5dd61943e5bda5c971dfd82e6de7305668c62153caf8ad488632c689c19b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-dd9c5dd61943e5bda5c971dfd82e6de7305668c62153caf8ad488632c689c19b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3694-9213</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35043281$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Patel, Parth B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alpert, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taioli, Emanuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores, Raja</creatorcontrib><title>Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients</title><title>Cancer causes & control</title><addtitle>Cancer Causes Control</addtitle><addtitle>Cancer Causes Control</addtitle><description>Purpose
Racial disparities persist among lung cancer patients but have not been adequately studied among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups, which are heterogeneous. This study compared clinical and demographic characteristics at diagnosis of API subgroups and NHW patients.
Methods
NHW and API adults diagnosed with lung cancer were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990–2015). API was divided into eight subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess adjusted associations of clinical and demographic factors with API/subgroups.
Results
There were 522,702 (92.6%) NHW and 41,479 (7.4%) API lung cancer patients. API were less likely to be diagnosed at the age of ≥ 80 years (OR
adj
0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58 for ≥ 80 vs. ≤ 39 years) than NHW. However, Japanese patients were more often diagnosed at ≥ 80 years compared to other ethnic subgroups. API were less often female (OR
adj
0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86), and unmarried (OR
adj
0.71, 95% CI 0.68–0.74); however, among API, Japanese, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, and Vietnamese were more often unmarried, compared to Chinese patients. API were more frequently diagnosed at stage IV, compared to stage I (OR
adj
1.31, 95% CI 1.27–1.35). API had significantly less squamous cell carcinoma (OR
adj
0.54, 95% CI 0.52–0.56, compared to adenocarcinoma); among API, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other were more likely than Chinese patients to present with squamous cell histology (range: OR
adj
[Other] 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.41; OR
adj
[Hawaiian/Pacific Islander] 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.75).
Conclusion
At diagnosis, there are significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between NHW, API, and API subgroups. Treating API patients as a single population may overlook biological, environmental, and behavioral differences that might be beneficial in designing prevention strategies and treatment.</description><subject>Adenocarcinoma</subject><subject>Asian Americans</subject><subject>Asians</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pacific Islander people</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Race factors</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><issn>0957-5243</issn><issn>1573-7225</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctOHDEQRa0oKExIfiCLyFLWDn603e4l4i2hhAUoS6um7J4x6nF37B4h_oJPxjAk7Fh54XNPuXwJ-Sb4T8F5e1gE11oyLgXjQjeW6Q9kIXSrWCul_kgWvNMt07JR--RzKXecc20k_0T2leaNklYsyONJLBPkOMdQaEwUh5giwkAheerDZlxlmNYRKa4hA84hxzJHLBQ2Y1rRoxIhHV4Dxr4yl2WosZBfwr_GxC6e5dVH_6zjHGgK98MD9RFWaSzB02FbFQgJa2SC-oQ0ly9kr4ehhK-v5wG5PTu9Ob5gV7_PL4-Prhgqa2bmfYfaeyO6RgW99KCxa4XvvZXB-NCquqqxaKTQCqG34BtrjZJobIeiW6oD8mPnnfL4dxvK7O7GbU51pJNGtbrtuOWVkjsK81hKDr2bctxAfnCCu-cS3K4EV0twLyU4XUPfX9Xb5Sb4_5F_v14BtQNKvUqrkN9mv6N9Av8UlKE</recordid><startdate>20220401</startdate><enddate>20220401</enddate><creator>Patel, Parth B.</creator><creator>Alpert, Naomi</creator><creator>Taioli, Emanuela</creator><creator>Flores, Raja</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-9213</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220401</creationdate><title>Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients</title><author>Patel, Parth B. ; Alpert, Naomi ; Taioli, Emanuela ; Flores, Raja</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-dd9c5dd61943e5bda5c971dfd82e6de7305668c62153caf8ad488632c689c19b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adenocarcinoma</topic><topic>Asian Americans</topic><topic>Asians</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Histology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Pacific Islander people</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Race factors</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Patel, Parth B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alpert, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taioli, Emanuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores, Raja</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Cancer causes & control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Patel, Parth B.</au><au>Alpert, Naomi</au><au>Taioli, Emanuela</au><au>Flores, Raja</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients</atitle><jtitle>Cancer causes & control</jtitle><stitle>Cancer Causes Control</stitle><addtitle>Cancer Causes Control</addtitle><date>2022-04-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>547</spage><epage>557</epage><pages>547-557</pages><issn>0957-5243</issn><eissn>1573-7225</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Racial disparities persist among lung cancer patients but have not been adequately studied among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups, which are heterogeneous. This study compared clinical and demographic characteristics at diagnosis of API subgroups and NHW patients.
Methods
NHW and API adults diagnosed with lung cancer were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990–2015). API was divided into eight subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess adjusted associations of clinical and demographic factors with API/subgroups.
Results
There were 522,702 (92.6%) NHW and 41,479 (7.4%) API lung cancer patients. API were less likely to be diagnosed at the age of ≥ 80 years (OR
adj
0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58 for ≥ 80 vs. ≤ 39 years) than NHW. However, Japanese patients were more often diagnosed at ≥ 80 years compared to other ethnic subgroups. API were less often female (OR
adj
0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86), and unmarried (OR
adj
0.71, 95% CI 0.68–0.74); however, among API, Japanese, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, and Vietnamese were more often unmarried, compared to Chinese patients. API were more frequently diagnosed at stage IV, compared to stage I (OR
adj
1.31, 95% CI 1.27–1.35). API had significantly less squamous cell carcinoma (OR
adj
0.54, 95% CI 0.52–0.56, compared to adenocarcinoma); among API, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Korean, Asian Indian/Pakistani, and Other were more likely than Chinese patients to present with squamous cell histology (range: OR
adj
[Other] 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.41; OR
adj
[Hawaiian/Pacific Islander] 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.75).
Conclusion
At diagnosis, there are significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between NHW, API, and API subgroups. Treating API patients as a single population may overlook biological, environmental, and behavioral differences that might be beneficial in designing prevention strategies and treatment.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>35043281</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-9213</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0957-5243 |
| ispartof | Cancer causes & control, 2022-04, Vol.33 (4), p.547-557 |
| issn | 0957-5243 1573-7225 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2637579080 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adenocarcinoma Asian Americans Asians Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cancer Research Demographics Diagnosis Epidemiology Ethnicity Female Hematology Histology Humans Lung cancer Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Oncology Original Paper Pacific Islander people Patients Public Health Race factors Regression analysis Squamous cell carcinoma Subgroups |
| title | Disparities in clinical and demographic characteristics among Asian/Pacific Islander and Non-Hispanic White newly diagnosed lung cancer patients |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-12T07%3A18%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Disparities%20in%20clinical%20and%20demographic%20characteristics%20among%20Asian/Pacific%20Islander%20and%20Non-Hispanic%20White%20newly%20diagnosed%20lung%20cancer%20patients&rft.jtitle=Cancer%20causes%20&%20control&rft.au=Patel,%20Parth%20B.&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=547&rft.epage=557&rft.pages=547-557&rft.issn=0957-5243&rft.eissn=1573-7225&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10552-021-01548-5&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2637579080%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2637579080&rft_id=info:pmid/35043281&rfr_iscdi=true |