A rheological study of cationic micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose: quaternization reaction optimization and fibril characteristic effects
Driven by the demand for various cationic biopolymers in recent years, the quaternization of cellulose nanofibers was carefully investigated to have tight control over their final characteristics. The addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the reaction mixture is crucial as it catalyzes the conversi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cellulose (London) 2022-02, Vol.29 (3), p.1435-1450 |
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| creator | Kopač, Tilen Krajnc, Matjaž Ručigaj, Aleš |
| description | Driven by the demand for various cationic biopolymers in recent years, the quaternization of cellulose nanofibers was carefully investigated to have tight control over their final characteristics. The addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the reaction mixture is crucial as it catalyzes the conversion of alcohol groups of cellulose into more reactive alcoholate groups. On the other hand, excessive concentration proves to inhibit the reactivity of hydroxyl groups. The addition of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) increases the yield of the trimethylammonium chloride content (TMAC) reaction, while in excess it affects the rheological properties of the quaternizated cellulose nanofibers. The effects of NaOH and GTMAC on the TMAC content and rheological properties have been investigated in detail and mathematically evaluated. Furthermore, a comparison of the viscoelastic behavior and shear thinning character of commercial cationic micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose is presented. The research allows to extend the possibility of using cellulose in many applications of cationic biopolymers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10570-021-04365-w |
| format | Article |
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| subjects | Bioorganic Chemistry Biopolymers Cations Cellulose Cellulose fibers Ceramics Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chlorides Composites Glass Hydroxyl groups Nanofibers Natural Materials Optimization Organic Chemistry Original Research Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Rheological properties Rheology Shear thinning (liquids) Sodium hydroxide Sustainable Development |
| title | A rheological study of cationic micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose: quaternization reaction optimization and fibril characteristic effects |
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