Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan
The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-11, Vol.27 (32), p.39852-39864 |
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| creator | Khalid, Sana Shahid, Muhammad Natasha Shah, Ali Haidar Saeed, Farhan Ali, Mazhar Qaisrani, Saeed Ahmad Dumat, Camille |
| description | The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007–0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6 |
| format | Article |
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These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007–0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were < 1, while Pb showed HQ > 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Alkalinity ; Aquatic Pollution ; Aquifers ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Barium ; Bicarbonates ; Cadmium ; Carbonates ; Carcinogens ; Cations ; Chlorides ; Chromium ; Consumption ; Contamination ; Developed countries ; Dissolved solids ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Environmental Toxicology and Risks Associated with Human Health ; Groundwater ; Groundwater treatment ; Heavy metals ; Iron ; Lead ; Lithium ; Manganese ; Metal concentrations ; Nickel ; Principal components analysis ; Qualitative analysis ; Quotients ; Risk assessment ; Total dissolved solids ; Toxic substances ; Waste Water Technology ; Water analysis ; Water Management ; Water pollution ; Water Pollution Control ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020-11, Vol.27 (32), p.39852-39864</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-6b14ba3843e2128445d98389d8e81f37eafdb65dbb798b7079ddc7f35fe66be13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-6b14ba3843e2128445d98389d8e81f37eafdb65dbb798b7079ddc7f35fe66be13</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8521-4515</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khalid, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahid, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Ali Haidar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saeed, Farhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Mazhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qaisrani, Saeed Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumat, Camille</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><description>The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007–0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were < 1, while Pb showed HQ > 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose.</description><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Barium</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Developed countries</subject><subject>Dissolved solids</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Environmental Toxicology and Risks Associated with Human Health</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater treatment</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>Quotients</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Total dissolved solids</subject><subject>Toxic substances</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water 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metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan</title><author>Khalid, Sana ; Shahid, Muhammad ; Natasha ; Shah, Ali Haidar ; Saeed, Farhan ; Ali, Mazhar ; Qaisrani, Saeed Ahmad ; Dumat, Camille</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-6b14ba3843e2128445d98389d8e81f37eafdb65dbb798b7079ddc7f35fe66be13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Alkalinity</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Barium</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Carbonates</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Developed countries</topic><topic>Dissolved solids</topic><topic>Drinking 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Farhan</au><au>Ali, Mazhar</au><au>Qaisrani, Saeed Ahmad</au><au>Dumat, Camille</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><date>2020-11-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>32</issue><spage>39852</spage><epage>39864</epage><pages>39852-39864</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007–0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were < 1, while Pb showed HQ > 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-4515</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alkalinity Aquatic Pollution Aquifers Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Barium Bicarbonates Cadmium Carbonates Carcinogens Cations Chlorides Chromium Consumption Contamination Developed countries Dissolved solids Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Environmental Toxicology and Risks Associated with Human Health Groundwater Groundwater treatment Heavy metals Iron Lead Lithium Manganese Metal concentrations Nickel Principal components analysis Qualitative analysis Quotients Risk assessment Total dissolved solids Toxic substances Waste Water Technology Water analysis Water Management Water pollution Water Pollution Control Water sampling |
| title | Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan |
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