Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand
This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in shallow and deep groundwaters which were used as sources for drinking and domestic and agricultural uses. A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2022-02, Vol.14 (3), p.465 |
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| description | This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in shallow and deep groundwaters which were used as sources for drinking and domestic and agricultural uses. A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex water–rock interactions to identify arsenic speciation and mineral saturation indices based on groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical conditions. In addition, the potential health risk from arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption was assessed based on the method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study area is located at the western part of the Lampang Basin, an intermontane aquifer, Northern Thailand. The area is flat and situated in a floodplain in the Cenozoic basin. Most shallow groundwater (≤10 m depth) samples from dug wells were of Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, whereas deep groundwater from Quaternary terrace deposits (30–150 m depth) samples were of Na-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types. High arsenic concentrations were found in the central part of the study area (Shallow groundwater: |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w14030465 |
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A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex water–rock interactions to identify arsenic speciation and mineral saturation indices based on groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical conditions. In addition, the potential health risk from arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption was assessed based on the method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study area is located at the western part of the Lampang Basin, an intermontane aquifer, Northern Thailand. The area is flat and situated in a floodplain in the Cenozoic basin. Most shallow groundwater (≤10 m depth) samples from dug wells were of Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, whereas deep groundwater from Quaternary terrace deposits (30–150 m depth) samples were of Na-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types. High arsenic concentrations were found in the central part of the study area (Shallow groundwater: <2.8–35 mg/L with a mean of 10.7 mg/L; Deep groundwater: <2.8–480 mg/L with a mean of 51.0 mg/L). According to geochemical modeling study, deep groundwater contained toxic As(III), as the dominant species more than shallow groundwater. Arsenic in groundwater of the Lampang Basin may have been derived from leaching of rocks and could have been the primary source of the subsurface arsenic in the study area. Secondary source of arsenic, which is more significant, could be derived from the leaching of sorbed arsenic in aquifer from co-precipitated Fe-oxyhydroxides in sediments. Quantitative risk assessment showed that the average carcinogenic risk values were as high as 2.78 × 10−3 and 7.65 × 10−3 for adult and child, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable level (1 × 10−4). The adverse health impact should be notified or warned with the use of this arsenic-contaminated groundwater without pre-treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w14030465</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aquifers ; Arsenic ; Arsenic content ; Carcinogens ; Cenozoic ; Contamination ; Dominant species ; Drinking water ; Dug wells ; Environmental protection ; Floodplains ; Freshwater resources ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; Groundwater basins ; Groundwater quality ; Groundwater treatment ; Health ; Health aspects ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Hydrogeochemistry ; Leaching ; Modelling ; Precipitation ; Quaternary ; Risk assessment ; Rocks ; Seasons ; Sediments ; Sodium ; Spatial distribution ; Speciation ; Water quality ; Water, Underground</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2022-02, Vol.14 (3), p.465</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-f392849121d7540795101a6138cf2ef7f643a4e28040066cad9ed4bba2504c393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-f392849121d7540795101a6138cf2ef7f643a4e28040066cad9ed4bba2504c393</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9132-9896</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santha, Nipada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sangkajan, Saowani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saenton, Schradh</creatorcontrib><title>Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in shallow and deep groundwaters which were used as sources for drinking and domestic and agricultural uses. A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex water–rock interactions to identify arsenic speciation and mineral saturation indices based on groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical conditions. In addition, the potential health risk from arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption was assessed based on the method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study area is located at the western part of the Lampang Basin, an intermontane aquifer, Northern Thailand. The area is flat and situated in a floodplain in the Cenozoic basin. Most shallow groundwater (≤10 m depth) samples from dug wells were of Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, whereas deep groundwater from Quaternary terrace deposits (30–150 m depth) samples were of Na-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types. High arsenic concentrations were found in the central part of the study area (Shallow groundwater: <2.8–35 mg/L with a mean of 10.7 mg/L; Deep groundwater: <2.8–480 mg/L with a mean of 51.0 mg/L). According to geochemical modeling study, deep groundwater contained toxic As(III), as the dominant species more than shallow groundwater. Arsenic in groundwater of the Lampang Basin may have been derived from leaching of rocks and could have been the primary source of the subsurface arsenic in the study area. Secondary source of arsenic, which is more significant, could be derived from the leaching of sorbed arsenic in aquifer from co-precipitated Fe-oxyhydroxides in sediments. Quantitative risk assessment showed that the average carcinogenic risk values were as high as 2.78 × 10−3 and 7.65 × 10−3 for adult and child, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable level (1 × 10−4). The adverse health impact should be notified or warned with the use of this arsenic-contaminated groundwater without pre-treatment.</description><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Arsenic content</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Cenozoic</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Dominant species</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Dug wells</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Floodplains</subject><subject>Freshwater resources</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater basins</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Groundwater treatment</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrogeochemistry</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Quaternary</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Speciation</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water, Underground</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkU1LAzEQhhdRsNQe_AcBT4Jb87XZzbEWbYWiIhWPyzSbbVN3k5qkFP-9Wyp-gDOHGYbnnRl4k-Sc4CFjEl_vCMcMc5EdJT2Kc5Zyzsnxr_40GYSwxl1wWRQZ7iXrkQ_aGoXGzkZojYVonEXGool3W1vtIGqPwFboyUVto4EGTTU0cYWeTXjbg686dIxFM2g3YJfoBoKxV-jB-bjaz-crME234Sw5qaEJevBV-8nL3e18PE1nj5P78WiWKpbJmNZM0oJLQkmVZxznMiOYgCCsUDXVdV4LzoBrWmCOsRAKKqkrvlgAzTBXTLJ-cnHYu_Hufds9V67d1tvuZEkFzYuME8F-qCU0ujS2dtGDak1Q5SiXhLFcCNpRw3-oLivdGuWsrk03_yO4PAiUdyF4XZcbb1rwHyXB5d6k8tsk9gkY04EC</recordid><startdate>20220201</startdate><enddate>20220201</enddate><creator>Santha, Nipada</creator><creator>Sangkajan, Saowani</creator><creator>Saenton, Schradh</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-9896</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220201</creationdate><title>Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand</title><author>Santha, Nipada ; Sangkajan, Saowani ; Saenton, Schradh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-f392849121d7540795101a6138cf2ef7f643a4e28040066cad9ed4bba2504c393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Arsenic content</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Cenozoic</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Dominant species</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Dug wells</topic><topic>Environmental protection</topic><topic>Floodplains</topic><topic>Freshwater resources</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater basins</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Groundwater treatment</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hydrogeochemistry</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Quaternary</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Speciation</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water, Underground</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Santha, Nipada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sangkajan, Saowani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saenton, Schradh</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Santha, Nipada</au><au>Sangkajan, Saowani</au><au>Saenton, Schradh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2022-02-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>465</spage><pages>465-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in shallow and deep groundwaters which were used as sources for drinking and domestic and agricultural uses. A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex water–rock interactions to identify arsenic speciation and mineral saturation indices based on groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical conditions. In addition, the potential health risk from arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption was assessed based on the method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study area is located at the western part of the Lampang Basin, an intermontane aquifer, Northern Thailand. The area is flat and situated in a floodplain in the Cenozoic basin. Most shallow groundwater (≤10 m depth) samples from dug wells were of Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, whereas deep groundwater from Quaternary terrace deposits (30–150 m depth) samples were of Na-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types. High arsenic concentrations were found in the central part of the study area (Shallow groundwater: <2.8–35 mg/L with a mean of 10.7 mg/L; Deep groundwater: <2.8–480 mg/L with a mean of 51.0 mg/L). According to geochemical modeling study, deep groundwater contained toxic As(III), as the dominant species more than shallow groundwater. Arsenic in groundwater of the Lampang Basin may have been derived from leaching of rocks and could have been the primary source of the subsurface arsenic in the study area. Secondary source of arsenic, which is more significant, could be derived from the leaching of sorbed arsenic in aquifer from co-precipitated Fe-oxyhydroxides in sediments. Quantitative risk assessment showed that the average carcinogenic risk values were as high as 2.78 × 10−3 and 7.65 × 10−3 for adult and child, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable level (1 × 10−4). The adverse health impact should be notified or warned with the use of this arsenic-contaminated groundwater without pre-treatment.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w14030465</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-9896</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquifers Arsenic Arsenic content Carcinogens Cenozoic Contamination Dominant species Drinking water Dug wells Environmental protection Floodplains Freshwater resources Geochemistry Groundwater Groundwater basins Groundwater quality Groundwater treatment Health Health aspects Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Hydrogeochemistry Leaching Modelling Precipitation Quaternary Risk assessment Rocks Seasons Sediments Sodium Spatial distribution Speciation Water quality Water, Underground |
| title | Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand |
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