Near surface defects: Cause of deficit between internal and external open‐circuit voltage in solar cells

Interface recombination in a complex multilayered thin‐film solar structure causes a disparity between the internal open‐circuit voltage (VOC,in), measured by photoluminescence, and the external open‐circuit voltage (VOC,ex), that is, a VOC deficit. Aspirations to reach higher VOC,ex values require...

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