Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization
Convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) are important for numerical weather prediction due to their effect on the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Using global ECMWF IFS simulations at TCo7999 (or 1.25 km), TCo2559 (or 3.9 km) and TCo1279 (or 7.8 km) horizontal resolutions,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 2022-01, Vol.148 (742), p.233-251 |
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| creator | Polichtchouk, Inna Wedi, Nils Kim, Young‐Ha |
| description | Convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) are important for numerical weather prediction due to their effect on the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Using global ECMWF IFS simulations at TCo7999 (or 1.25 km), TCo2559 (or 3.9 km) and TCo1279 (or 7.8 km) horizontal resolutions, sensitivity of resolved CGGWs to the horizontal resolution and to the explicit versus parametrized representation of deep convection is elucidated during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. Parametrized deep convection is found to inhibit CGGWs, resulting in a twofold reduction in CGGW forcing. When deep convection is explicitly resolved, the total CGGW forcing is almost unchanged across the horizontal resolutions. However, the contribution of long and mesoscale CGGWs (with horizontal wavelengths 100 km ≤λh |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/qj.4202 |
| format | Article |
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Resolved convectively generated gravity wave (GW) forcing in the tropical stratosphere is quantified at an unprecedented global horizontal resolution of O(1 km). Small‐scale GWs with horizontal wavelengths < 100 km are as important as (or more important than) the long and mesoscale GWs with horizontal wavelengths > 100 km for driving the QBO. Deep convection parametrization inhibits resolved convective GW generation but if deep convection parametrization is switched off at 4–9 km horizontal resolution, power in long and mesoscale GWs is artificially enhanced.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0035-9009</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-870X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/qj.4202</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Altitude ; Convection ; dynamic/processes ; dynamics ; general circulation model experiments ; global ; Gravity waves ; mesoscale ; Mesoscale waves ; Quasi-biennial oscillation ; Resolution ; Shear ; Stratosphere ; Tropical climate ; Wavelengths ; Waves ; Weather effects ; Weather forecasting</subject><ispartof>Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2022-01, Vol.148 (742), p.233-251</ispartof><rights>2021 Royal Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2022 Royal Meteorological Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3222-f8a5a2d90906a930ec2147c53f26de18669a0499784e4168d006a4140813e0293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3222-f8a5a2d90906a930ec2147c53f26de18669a0499784e4168d006a4140813e0293</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5324-2749 ; 0000-0002-8943-4993 ; 0000-0003-4014-073X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fqj.4202$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fqj.4202$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Polichtchouk, Inna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wedi, Nils</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young‐Ha</creatorcontrib><title>Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization</title><title>Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</title><description>Convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) are important for numerical weather prediction due to their effect on the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Using global ECMWF IFS simulations at TCo7999 (or 1.25 km), TCo2559 (or 3.9 km) and TCo1279 (or 7.8 km) horizontal resolutions, sensitivity of resolved CGGWs to the horizontal resolution and to the explicit versus parametrized representation of deep convection is elucidated during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. Parametrized deep convection is found to inhibit CGGWs, resulting in a twofold reduction in CGGW forcing. When deep convection is explicitly resolved, the total CGGW forcing is almost unchanged across the horizontal resolutions. However, the contribution of long and mesoscale CGGWs (with horizontal wavelengths 100 km ≤λh<1,900 km) to the total CGGW forcing decreases and the contribution of smaller‐scale CGGWs (with λh<100 km) increases as the horizontal resolution increases. At the maximum CGGW forcing altitude, at TCo7999 resolution 43% of the total CGGW forcing is due to long and mesoscale waves, whereas at TCo2559 and TCo1279 resolutions their contribution is 70% and 90%, respectively. While CGGW forcing from long and mesoscale waves is similar at TCo7999 resolution with explicit deep convection and at TCo1279 resolution with parametrized deep convection, CGGW forcing from these waves is artificially enhanced at TCo1279 and TCo2559 resolutions with explicit deep convection. This is due to the explicit deep convection being too strong and having too much variance for 100 km ≤λh<1,900 km. Therefore, parametrizations of deep convection and CGGWs (to account for forcing from waves with λh<100 km) are required even at TCo2559 resolution. Additionally, resolved CGGW forcing at TCo7999 resolution is examined for the easterly shear phase of the QBO; similar to the westerly shear phase, the smaller‐scale waves contribute >55% to the total CGGW forcing at the maximum CGGW forcing altitude.
Resolved convectively generated gravity wave (GW) forcing in the tropical stratosphere is quantified at an unprecedented global horizontal resolution of O(1 km). Small‐scale GWs with horizontal wavelengths < 100 km are as important as (or more important than) the long and mesoscale GWs with horizontal wavelengths > 100 km for driving the QBO. Deep convection parametrization inhibits resolved convective GW generation but if deep convection parametrization is switched off at 4–9 km horizontal resolution, power in long and mesoscale GWs is artificially enhanced.</description><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>dynamic/processes</subject><subject>dynamics</subject><subject>general circulation model experiments</subject><subject>global</subject><subject>Gravity waves</subject><subject>mesoscale</subject><subject>Mesoscale waves</subject><subject>Quasi-biennial oscillation</subject><subject>Resolution</subject><subject>Shear</subject><subject>Stratosphere</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Wavelengths</subject><subject>Waves</subject><subject>Weather effects</subject><subject>Weather forecasting</subject><issn>0035-9009</issn><issn>1477-870X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10N9LwzAQB_AgCs4p_gsBH3yQzkvapo1vMvwxEURR8C2E9OpatqZLss7519tuvvp03PHhjvsScs5gwgD49aqeJBz4ARmxJMuiPIPPQzICiNNIAshjcuJ9DQBpxrMR-X5DbxcdFvTL6a4KW7rRHXpaNTTMkQZn28roBfXB6WB9O0eHN3S2bLUJ1JZ0bl31Y5vQEzdsWofKNlQ3BS0QW2ps06HZzVrt9BJDz_XQn5KjUi88nv3VMfm4v3ufPkbPLw-z6e1zZGLOeVTmOtW8kCBBaBkDGt6_ZdK45KJAlgshNSRSZnmCCRN5Ab1LWAI5ixG4jMfkYr-3dXa1Rh9Ubdeu6U8qLnjKRSwE9Opyr4yz3jssVeuqpXZbxUANsapVrYZYe3m1l5tqgdv_mHp92ulfotJ47A</recordid><startdate>202201</startdate><enddate>202201</enddate><creator>Polichtchouk, Inna</creator><creator>Wedi, Nils</creator><creator>Kim, Young‐Ha</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-2749</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-4993</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4014-073X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202201</creationdate><title>Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization</title><author>Polichtchouk, Inna ; Wedi, Nils ; Kim, Young‐Ha</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3222-f8a5a2d90906a930ec2147c53f26de18669a0499784e4168d006a4140813e0293</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Convection</topic><topic>dynamic/processes</topic><topic>dynamics</topic><topic>general circulation model experiments</topic><topic>global</topic><topic>Gravity waves</topic><topic>mesoscale</topic><topic>Mesoscale waves</topic><topic>Quasi-biennial oscillation</topic><topic>Resolution</topic><topic>Shear</topic><topic>Stratosphere</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>Wavelengths</topic><topic>Waves</topic><topic>Weather effects</topic><topic>Weather forecasting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Polichtchouk, Inna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wedi, Nils</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young‐Ha</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Polichtchouk, Inna</au><au>Wedi, Nils</au><au>Kim, Young‐Ha</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization</atitle><jtitle>Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</jtitle><date>2022-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>148</volume><issue>742</issue><spage>233</spage><epage>251</epage><pages>233-251</pages><issn>0035-9009</issn><eissn>1477-870X</eissn><abstract>Convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) are important for numerical weather prediction due to their effect on the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Using global ECMWF IFS simulations at TCo7999 (or 1.25 km), TCo2559 (or 3.9 km) and TCo1279 (or 7.8 km) horizontal resolutions, sensitivity of resolved CGGWs to the horizontal resolution and to the explicit versus parametrized representation of deep convection is elucidated during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. Parametrized deep convection is found to inhibit CGGWs, resulting in a twofold reduction in CGGW forcing. When deep convection is explicitly resolved, the total CGGW forcing is almost unchanged across the horizontal resolutions. However, the contribution of long and mesoscale CGGWs (with horizontal wavelengths 100 km ≤λh<1,900 km) to the total CGGW forcing decreases and the contribution of smaller‐scale CGGWs (with λh<100 km) increases as the horizontal resolution increases. At the maximum CGGW forcing altitude, at TCo7999 resolution 43% of the total CGGW forcing is due to long and mesoscale waves, whereas at TCo2559 and TCo1279 resolutions their contribution is 70% and 90%, respectively. While CGGW forcing from long and mesoscale waves is similar at TCo7999 resolution with explicit deep convection and at TCo1279 resolution with parametrized deep convection, CGGW forcing from these waves is artificially enhanced at TCo1279 and TCo2559 resolutions with explicit deep convection. This is due to the explicit deep convection being too strong and having too much variance for 100 km ≤λh<1,900 km. Therefore, parametrizations of deep convection and CGGWs (to account for forcing from waves with λh<100 km) are required even at TCo2559 resolution. Additionally, resolved CGGW forcing at TCo7999 resolution is examined for the easterly shear phase of the QBO; similar to the westerly shear phase, the smaller‐scale waves contribute >55% to the total CGGW forcing at the maximum CGGW forcing altitude.
Resolved convectively generated gravity wave (GW) forcing in the tropical stratosphere is quantified at an unprecedented global horizontal resolution of O(1 km). Small‐scale GWs with horizontal wavelengths < 100 km are as important as (or more important than) the long and mesoscale GWs with horizontal wavelengths > 100 km for driving the QBO. Deep convection parametrization inhibits resolved convective GW generation but if deep convection parametrization is switched off at 4–9 km horizontal resolution, power in long and mesoscale GWs is artificially enhanced.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/qj.4202</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-2749</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-4993</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4014-073X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Altitude Convection dynamic/processes dynamics general circulation model experiments global Gravity waves mesoscale Mesoscale waves Quasi-biennial oscillation Resolution Shear Stratosphere Tropical climate Wavelengths Waves Weather effects Weather forecasting |
| title | Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization |
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