Effects of Electronic and Electrical Waste–Contaminated Soils on Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm (Alma nilotica)
Informal recycling of electronic waste (e‐waste) contaminates local environments with metals and other organic compounds. The adverse effects on native earthworm populations are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine metal concentrations in soils from e‐waste activity...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2022-02, Vol.41 (2), p.287-297 |
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| creator | Nfor, Brian Fai, Patricia Bi Asanga Fobil, Julius N. Basu, Niladri |
| description | Informal recycling of electronic waste (e‐waste) contaminates local environments with metals and other organic compounds. The adverse effects on native earthworm populations are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine metal concentrations in soils from e‐waste activity sites in Douala (Cameroon) and assess the effects of these soils on the growth and reproduction of the local earthworm, Alma nilotica. Concentrations of nine metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], and zinc [Zn]) were measured in soil samples collected from eight e‐waste activity and two non–e‐waste sites. Earthworms were then exposed to these soils in the laboratory following test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. Metal concentrations in the e‐waste–contaminated soils were significantly higher than in the non–e‐waste soils. The e‐waste soils were found to have a different soil metal profile (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni > Co > As > Cd > Hg) from that of the non–e‐waste soils (Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Hg). Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited in organisms exposed to soils from e‐waste sites. Reproduction was particularly affected, with a mean of 8 ± 5.6 offspring/10 worms in the e‐waste–exposed worm groups compared with 90.5 ± 0.7 in non–e‐waste soil worms. Notably, earthworm growth recovered during depuration in clean soil, indicating the possibility of remediation activities. The results demonstrate that soils at e‐waste sites can affect the health of resident worm populations, which may be more sensitive than temperate species. They also highlight the potential of a bioassay‐based approach in monitoring risks at e‐waste sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:287–297. © 2021 SETAC
Growth and reproduction of earthworms (Alma nilotica) in e‐waste–contaminated soils. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/etc.5198 |
| format | Article |
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Growth and reproduction of earthworms (Alma nilotica) in e‐waste–contaminated soils.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-7268</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-8618</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/etc.5198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34432912</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Alma nilotica ; Animals ; Arsenic ; Bioassays ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - analysis ; Cameroon ; Chromium ; Chromium - analysis ; Cobalt ; Copper ; Depuration ; Earthworm growth ; Electronic waste ; Electronics ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exposure ; E‐waste ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Mercury - analysis ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - toxicity ; Nickel ; Nickel - analysis ; Offspring ; Oligochaeta ; Organic compounds ; Populations ; Reproduction ; Reproduction effects ; Soil ; Soil contamination ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil Pollutants - toxicity ; Soil pollution ; Soil remediation ; Waste disposal sites ; Worms ; Zinc ; Zinc - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2022-02, Vol.41 (2), p.287-297</ispartof><rights>2021 SETAC</rights><rights>2021 SETAC.</rights><rights>2022 SETAC</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3498-a1155fac9822dc5eec4f49f321b0fc7bc2dfd28f2b57a59654aaed7df90f62ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3498-a1155fac9822dc5eec4f49f321b0fc7bc2dfd28f2b57a59654aaed7df90f62ab3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2695-1037</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fetc.5198$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fetc.5198$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34432912$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nfor, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fai, Patricia Bi Asanga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fobil, Julius N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basu, Niladri</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Electronic and Electrical Waste–Contaminated Soils on Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm (Alma nilotica)</title><title>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</title><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Chem</addtitle><description>Informal recycling of electronic waste (e‐waste) contaminates local environments with metals and other organic compounds. The adverse effects on native earthworm populations are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine metal concentrations in soils from e‐waste activity sites in Douala (Cameroon) and assess the effects of these soils on the growth and reproduction of the local earthworm, Alma nilotica. Concentrations of nine metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], and zinc [Zn]) were measured in soil samples collected from eight e‐waste activity and two non–e‐waste sites. Earthworms were then exposed to these soils in the laboratory following test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. Metal concentrations in the e‐waste–contaminated soils were significantly higher than in the non–e‐waste soils. The e‐waste soils were found to have a different soil metal profile (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni > Co > As > Cd > Hg) from that of the non–e‐waste soils (Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Hg). Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited in organisms exposed to soils from e‐waste sites. Reproduction was particularly affected, with a mean of 8 ± 5.6 offspring/10 worms in the e‐waste–exposed worm groups compared with 90.5 ± 0.7 in non–e‐waste soil worms. Notably, earthworm growth recovered during depuration in clean soil, indicating the possibility of remediation activities. The results demonstrate that soils at e‐waste sites can affect the health of resident worm populations, which may be more sensitive than temperate species. They also highlight the potential of a bioassay‐based approach in monitoring risks at e‐waste sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:287–297. © 2021 SETAC
Growth and reproduction of earthworms (Alma nilotica) in e‐waste–contaminated soils.</description><subject>Alma nilotica</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - analysis</subject><subject>Cameroon</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Chromium - analysis</subject><subject>Cobalt</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Depuration</subject><subject>Earthworm growth</subject><subject>Electronic waste</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>E‐waste</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Mercury - analysis</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - toxicity</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Nickel - analysis</subject><subject>Offspring</subject><subject>Oligochaeta</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Reproduction effects</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soil remediation</subject><subject>Waste disposal sites</subject><subject>Worms</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc - analysis</subject><issn>0730-7268</issn><issn>1552-8618</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtKAzEUhoMotlbBJ5ABN3UxmmQylyxLqVUoCF5wOWRyoSkzk5pkGLrzHXxDn8T0ojtXOQnf-U7OD8AlgrcIQnwnPb9NES2OwBClKY6LDBXHYAjzBMY5zooBOHNuBSHKKKWnYJAQkmCK8BD0M6Uk9y4yKprVobKm1TxirThcNWd19M6cl9-fX1PTetbolnkpohej69DXRnNrer_c9TzLtTWi416H962SWb_sjW2i8aRuWNTq2vigvDkHJ4rVTl4czhF4u5-9Th_ixdP8cTpZxDwhtIgZCvsoxmmBseCplJwoQlWCUQUVzyuOhRK4ULhKc5bSLCWMSZELRaHKMKuSEbjee8O_PjrpfLkynW3DyBJnOCGYkgwGarynuDXOWanKtdUNs5sSwXKbcBkSLrcJB_TqIOyqRoo_8DfSAMR7oNe13PwrKgOzE_4ALz-HMA</recordid><startdate>202202</startdate><enddate>202202</enddate><creator>Nfor, Brian</creator><creator>Fai, Patricia Bi Asanga</creator><creator>Fobil, Julius N.</creator><creator>Basu, Niladri</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-1037</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202202</creationdate><title>Effects of Electronic and Electrical Waste–Contaminated Soils on Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm (Alma nilotica)</title><author>Nfor, Brian ; 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The adverse effects on native earthworm populations are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine metal concentrations in soils from e‐waste activity sites in Douala (Cameroon) and assess the effects of these soils on the growth and reproduction of the local earthworm, Alma nilotica. Concentrations of nine metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], and zinc [Zn]) were measured in soil samples collected from eight e‐waste activity and two non–e‐waste sites. Earthworms were then exposed to these soils in the laboratory following test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. Metal concentrations in the e‐waste–contaminated soils were significantly higher than in the non–e‐waste soils. The e‐waste soils were found to have a different soil metal profile (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni > Co > As > Cd > Hg) from that of the non–e‐waste soils (Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Hg). Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited in organisms exposed to soils from e‐waste sites. Reproduction was particularly affected, with a mean of 8 ± 5.6 offspring/10 worms in the e‐waste–exposed worm groups compared with 90.5 ± 0.7 in non–e‐waste soil worms. Notably, earthworm growth recovered during depuration in clean soil, indicating the possibility of remediation activities. The results demonstrate that soils at e‐waste sites can affect the health of resident worm populations, which may be more sensitive than temperate species. They also highlight the potential of a bioassay‐based approach in monitoring risks at e‐waste sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:287–297. © 2021 SETAC
Growth and reproduction of earthworms (Alma nilotica) in e‐waste–contaminated soils.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>34432912</pmid><doi>10.1002/etc.5198</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-1037</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alma nilotica Animals Arsenic Bioassays Cadmium Cadmium - analysis Cameroon Chromium Chromium - analysis Cobalt Copper Depuration Earthworm growth Electronic waste Electronics Environmental Monitoring Exposure E‐waste Heavy metals Lead Mercury Mercury (metal) Mercury - analysis Metal concentrations Metals Metals, Heavy - analysis Metals, Heavy - toxicity Nickel Nickel - analysis Offspring Oligochaeta Organic compounds Populations Reproduction Reproduction effects Soil Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - toxicity Soil pollution Soil remediation Waste disposal sites Worms Zinc Zinc - analysis |
| title | Effects of Electronic and Electrical Waste–Contaminated Soils on Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm (Alma nilotica) |
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