The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest
At least three strata of vegetational formations can be recognized in many mountainous ecosystems. For instance, the Andean Yungas exhibits: 1) upper fog grasslands, 2) intermediate montane forest, and 3) lower montane rain forest. The respective delimiters are the treeline and the inter‐forest line...
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description | At least three strata of vegetational formations can be recognized in many mountainous ecosystems. For instance, the Andean Yungas exhibits: 1) upper fog grasslands, 2) intermediate montane forest, and 3) lower montane rain forest. The respective delimiters are the treeline and the inter‐forest line. We develop an approach to perform an optimal tripartition of mountainous ecosystems using elevational cutoffs per watershed. This pair of cutoffs allows us to transform heights of a given digital elevation map onto a universal adimensional scale. Normalized elevation facilitates worldwide comparisons and entails synthetic information (e.g., >0 means above treeline and < −1 below inter‐forest line). To test the reliability of delimiting elevation lines, we compare them against the hand‐drawn treeline and we assess the agreement with another tripartition of sampling points, but based on a different set of organisms (i.e., mayflies, an ancient group of insects that mimic ecological patterns found in many other aquatic taxa). The resulting delimiters of strata pass the test successfully. The upper delimiter fits the detailed treeline well. The lower delimiter segregates different types of mayflies on either side. Only the intermediate layer holds a distinctive set of co‐occurring mayfly species. We finally stress the relevance of the inter‐forest line to track the imprints of global change on community composition.
in Spanish is available with online material.
Resumen
Al menos tres estratos de formaciones vegetales pueden reconocerse en muchos ecosistemas montañosos. Por ejemplo, las Yungas de Andes Tropicales exhiben desde el nivel superior hacia el pedemonte: 1) pastizales de neblina, 2) bosque montano y 3) selva montana. Los respectivos delimitadores son la línea de árbol y la línea inter‐bosque. Desarrollamos un método para implementar una tripartición óptima de ecosistemas montañosos sobre la base de umbrales altitudinales por cuenca hidrográfica. Este par de umbrales nos permite transformar altitudes de un determinado mapa de elevación digital hacia una escala adimensional universal. La elevación normalizada facilita comparaciones globales y conlleva información sintética (e.g., >0 significa por arriba de la línea de árboles, < −1 por debajo de la línea inter‐bosque). Para probar la confiabilidad de delimitar las líneas de elevación, las comparamos con la línea de árboles dibujada a mano y evaluamos la congruencia con otra tripartición de puntos de muestreo, |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/btp.13026 |
format | Article |
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in Spanish is available with online material.
Resumen
Al menos tres estratos de formaciones vegetales pueden reconocerse en muchos ecosistemas montañosos. Por ejemplo, las Yungas de Andes Tropicales exhiben desde el nivel superior hacia el pedemonte: 1) pastizales de neblina, 2) bosque montano y 3) selva montana. Los respectivos delimitadores son la línea de árbol y la línea inter‐bosque. Desarrollamos un método para implementar una tripartición óptima de ecosistemas montañosos sobre la base de umbrales altitudinales por cuenca hidrográfica. Este par de umbrales nos permite transformar altitudes de un determinado mapa de elevación digital hacia una escala adimensional universal. La elevación normalizada facilita comparaciones globales y conlleva información sintética (e.g., >0 significa por arriba de la línea de árboles, < −1 por debajo de la línea inter‐bosque). Para probar la confiabilidad de delimitar las líneas de elevación, las comparamos con la línea de árboles dibujada a mano y evaluamos la congruencia con otra tripartición de puntos de muestreo, pero basada en un conjunto diferente de organismos (es decir, efímeras, un antiguo grupo de insectos que imitan patrones ecológicos encontrados en muchos otros taxones acuáticos). Los delimitadores de estratos resultantes pasaron la prueba con éxito. El delimitador superior se ajusta bien a la línea de árboles detallada. El delimitador inferior segrega diferentes tipos de efímeras a cada lado. Solo la capa intermedia contiene un conjunto distintivo de especies de efímeras coexistentes. Finalmente, enfatizamos la relevancia de la línea inter‐bosque para rastrear las huellas del cambio global en la composición de la comunidad.
We formalize and test the altitudinal stratification of mountainous cloud forests. We transform elevation values into universal and ecologically informative scores. Typical assemblages of aquatic insects are on either side of the inter‐forest line.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-3606</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1744-7429</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/btp.13026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>altitudinal gradients ; Aquatic insects ; Climate change ; Climate effects ; Community composition ; Digital mapping ; Ecological effects ; Ecosystems ; Elevation ; Ephemeroptera ; Fog ; Forests ; global change ; Grasslands ; Insect ecology ; Insects ; Montane environments ; Mountain forests ; mountainous cloud forests ; Mountains ; normalized elevation ; Rainforests ; Strata ; Treeline ; Tropical forests ; watershed ; Watersheds</subject><ispartof>Biotropica, 2022-01, Vol.54 (1), p.57-70</ispartof><rights>2021 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2976-b5367a28ea134a542bbf534874f7ce78b022f769f96359e1ee1789a3470f4a113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2976-b5367a28ea134a542bbf534874f7ce78b022f769f96359e1ee1789a3470f4a113</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2662-624X ; 0000-0002-3259-7214</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fbtp.13026$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fbtp.13026$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Buitrago‐Guacaneme, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molineri, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cristóbal, Luciana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</creatorcontrib><title>The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest</title><title>Biotropica</title><description>At least three strata of vegetational formations can be recognized in many mountainous ecosystems. For instance, the Andean Yungas exhibits: 1) upper fog grasslands, 2) intermediate montane forest, and 3) lower montane rain forest. The respective delimiters are the treeline and the inter‐forest line. We develop an approach to perform an optimal tripartition of mountainous ecosystems using elevational cutoffs per watershed. This pair of cutoffs allows us to transform heights of a given digital elevation map onto a universal adimensional scale. Normalized elevation facilitates worldwide comparisons and entails synthetic information (e.g., >0 means above treeline and < −1 below inter‐forest line). To test the reliability of delimiting elevation lines, we compare them against the hand‐drawn treeline and we assess the agreement with another tripartition of sampling points, but based on a different set of organisms (i.e., mayflies, an ancient group of insects that mimic ecological patterns found in many other aquatic taxa). The resulting delimiters of strata pass the test successfully. The upper delimiter fits the detailed treeline well. The lower delimiter segregates different types of mayflies on either side. Only the intermediate layer holds a distinctive set of co‐occurring mayfly species. We finally stress the relevance of the inter‐forest line to track the imprints of global change on community composition.
in Spanish is available with online material.
Resumen
Al menos tres estratos de formaciones vegetales pueden reconocerse en muchos ecosistemas montañosos. Por ejemplo, las Yungas de Andes Tropicales exhiben desde el nivel superior hacia el pedemonte: 1) pastizales de neblina, 2) bosque montano y 3) selva montana. Los respectivos delimitadores son la línea de árbol y la línea inter‐bosque. Desarrollamos un método para implementar una tripartición óptima de ecosistemas montañosos sobre la base de umbrales altitudinales por cuenca hidrográfica. Este par de umbrales nos permite transformar altitudes de un determinado mapa de elevación digital hacia una escala adimensional universal. La elevación normalizada facilita comparaciones globales y conlleva información sintética (e.g., >0 significa por arriba de la línea de árboles, < −1 por debajo de la línea inter‐bosque). Para probar la confiabilidad de delimitar las líneas de elevación, las comparamos con la línea de árboles dibujada a mano y evaluamos la congruencia con otra tripartición de puntos de muestreo, pero basada en un conjunto diferente de organismos (es decir, efímeras, un antiguo grupo de insectos que imitan patrones ecológicos encontrados en muchos otros taxones acuáticos). Los delimitadores de estratos resultantes pasaron la prueba con éxito. El delimitador superior se ajusta bien a la línea de árboles detallada. El delimitador inferior segrega diferentes tipos de efímeras a cada lado. Solo la capa intermedia contiene un conjunto distintivo de especies de efímeras coexistentes. Finalmente, enfatizamos la relevancia de la línea inter‐bosque para rastrear las huellas del cambio global en la composición de la comunidad.
We formalize and test the altitudinal stratification of mountainous cloud forests. We transform elevation values into universal and ecologically informative scores. Typical assemblages of aquatic insects are on either side of the inter‐forest line.</description><subject>altitudinal gradients</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Digital mapping</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Ephemeroptera</subject><subject>Fog</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>global change</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>Insect ecology</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Montane environments</subject><subject>Mountain forests</subject><subject>mountainous cloud forests</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>normalized elevation</subject><subject>Rainforests</subject><subject>Strata</subject><subject>Treeline</subject><subject>Tropical forests</subject><subject>watershed</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><issn>0006-3606</issn><issn>1744-7429</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1OwzAQhS0EEqWw4AaWWLFIazuOnSyh4k-qBIuythwzpmnTONguqDuOwBk5CS5hy2xGI33vPc1D6JySCU0zrWM_oTlh4gCNqOQ8k5xVh2hECBFZLog4RichrNJZFYSP0PtiCbjpIvjvzy_rPISI26YDbNy2fcE14JiAjQ6JwGvY4ehw9Nqscd0446BzsTEYrAUTA3YWm7bZ6Jj0S9297q2xxmFbR-_6xugWDxmn6MjqNsDZ3x6j59ubxew-mz_ePcyu5plhlRRZXeRCalaCpjnXBWd1bYucl5JbaUCWNWHMSlHZSuRFBRSAyrLSOZfEck1pPkYXg2_v3ds2BauV2_ouRSomGGOUCcESdTlQxrsQPFjV-_SF3ylK1L5WlWpVv7UmdjqwH00Lu_9Bdb14GhQ_1_56Wg</recordid><startdate>202201</startdate><enddate>202201</enddate><creator>Buitrago‐Guacaneme, Alexandra</creator><creator>Molineri, Carlos</creator><creator>Cristóbal, Luciana</creator><creator>Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-624X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-7214</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202201</creationdate><title>The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest</title><author>Buitrago‐Guacaneme, Alexandra ; Molineri, Carlos ; Cristóbal, Luciana ; Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2976-b5367a28ea134a542bbf534874f7ce78b022f769f96359e1ee1789a3470f4a113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>altitudinal gradients</topic><topic>Aquatic insects</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate effects</topic><topic>Community composition</topic><topic>Digital mapping</topic><topic>Ecological effects</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Ephemeroptera</topic><topic>Fog</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>global change</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>Insect ecology</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Montane environments</topic><topic>Mountain forests</topic><topic>mountainous cloud forests</topic><topic>Mountains</topic><topic>normalized elevation</topic><topic>Rainforests</topic><topic>Strata</topic><topic>Treeline</topic><topic>Tropical forests</topic><topic>watershed</topic><topic>Watersheds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Buitrago‐Guacaneme, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molineri, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cristóbal, Luciana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Biotropica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Buitrago‐Guacaneme, Alexandra</au><au>Molineri, Carlos</au><au>Cristóbal, Luciana</au><au>Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest</atitle><jtitle>Biotropica</jtitle><date>2022-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>57</spage><epage>70</epage><pages>57-70</pages><issn>0006-3606</issn><eissn>1744-7429</eissn><abstract>At least three strata of vegetational formations can be recognized in many mountainous ecosystems. For instance, the Andean Yungas exhibits: 1) upper fog grasslands, 2) intermediate montane forest, and 3) lower montane rain forest. The respective delimiters are the treeline and the inter‐forest line. We develop an approach to perform an optimal tripartition of mountainous ecosystems using elevational cutoffs per watershed. This pair of cutoffs allows us to transform heights of a given digital elevation map onto a universal adimensional scale. Normalized elevation facilitates worldwide comparisons and entails synthetic information (e.g., >0 means above treeline and < −1 below inter‐forest line). To test the reliability of delimiting elevation lines, we compare them against the hand‐drawn treeline and we assess the agreement with another tripartition of sampling points, but based on a different set of organisms (i.e., mayflies, an ancient group of insects that mimic ecological patterns found in many other aquatic taxa). The resulting delimiters of strata pass the test successfully. The upper delimiter fits the detailed treeline well. The lower delimiter segregates different types of mayflies on either side. Only the intermediate layer holds a distinctive set of co‐occurring mayfly species. We finally stress the relevance of the inter‐forest line to track the imprints of global change on community composition.
in Spanish is available with online material.
Resumen
Al menos tres estratos de formaciones vegetales pueden reconocerse en muchos ecosistemas montañosos. Por ejemplo, las Yungas de Andes Tropicales exhiben desde el nivel superior hacia el pedemonte: 1) pastizales de neblina, 2) bosque montano y 3) selva montana. Los respectivos delimitadores son la línea de árbol y la línea inter‐bosque. Desarrollamos un método para implementar una tripartición óptima de ecosistemas montañosos sobre la base de umbrales altitudinales por cuenca hidrográfica. Este par de umbrales nos permite transformar altitudes de un determinado mapa de elevación digital hacia una escala adimensional universal. La elevación normalizada facilita comparaciones globales y conlleva información sintética (e.g., >0 significa por arriba de la línea de árboles, < −1 por debajo de la línea inter‐bosque). Para probar la confiabilidad de delimitar las líneas de elevación, las comparamos con la línea de árboles dibujada a mano y evaluamos la congruencia con otra tripartición de puntos de muestreo, pero basada en un conjunto diferente de organismos (es decir, efímeras, un antiguo grupo de insectos que imitan patrones ecológicos encontrados en muchos otros taxones acuáticos). Los delimitadores de estratos resultantes pasaron la prueba con éxito. El delimitador superior se ajusta bien a la línea de árboles detallada. El delimitador inferior segrega diferentes tipos de efímeras a cada lado. Solo la capa intermedia contiene un conjunto distintivo de especies de efímeras coexistentes. Finalmente, enfatizamos la relevancia de la línea inter‐bosque para rastrear las huellas del cambio global en la composición de la comunidad.
We formalize and test the altitudinal stratification of mountainous cloud forests. We transform elevation values into universal and ecologically informative scores. Typical assemblages of aquatic insects are on either side of the inter‐forest line.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/btp.13026</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-624X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-7214</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | altitudinal gradients Aquatic insects Climate change Climate effects Community composition Digital mapping Ecological effects Ecosystems Elevation Ephemeroptera Fog Forests global change Grasslands Insect ecology Insects Montane environments Mountain forests mountainous cloud forests Mountains normalized elevation Rainforests Strata Treeline Tropical forests watershed Watersheds |
title | The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest |
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