Postirradiation characterization of palladium as an additive for fuel cladding chemical interaction mitigation in metallic fuel
•Pd effectiveness to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction was investigated.•Pd effect on fuel performance was analyzed in irradiated U-10Zr.•Pd is used to bind lanthanides and impede their migration.•Microstructure and elemental analyses were performed via microscopy.•Pd was observed to form...
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creator | Di Lemma, Fidelma G. Trowbridge, Tammy M. Capriotti, Luca Harp, Jason M. Benson, Michael T. Mariani, Robert D. |
description | •Pd effectiveness to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction was investigated.•Pd effect on fuel performance was analyzed in irradiated U-10Zr.•Pd is used to bind lanthanides and impede their migration.•Microstructure and elemental analyses were performed via microscopy.•Pd was observed to form intermetallics with Zr and to combine with lanthanides.
This work describes the microstructural and elemental characterization of irradiated metallic fuels containing palladium as an additive. The use of additives has been proposed to control Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) and thus to promote higher fuel utilization (i.e., higher burnup). In this work, Pd has been investigated as a potential additive to metallic fuel to bind lanthanides, impeding their migration and attack on the cladding. The influence of Pd on the microstructure, chemistry and performance of metallic fuel has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy for two metallic fuel designs—namely, annular and solid fuel. Pd was observed to play an important role in the chemistry of the fuel. Indeed, the addition of Pd leads to the formation of new phases. Pd was detected to combine not only with the lanthanides, as intended, but also with Zr, a main element of the fuel matrix. While Pd proved to be effective in preventing lanthanide migration and their attack on the cladding, the Pd-Zr compound may potentially lead to other unexpected fuel-performance issues, such as the formation of low-melting point phases and increased unalloyed U available for FCCI interaction with Fe in the cladding. Even the increase of Zr to 13wt%. did not completely mitigate this adverse phenomenon generated by the Pd-Zr interaction. Thus, the efficacy of using this additive needs further investigation. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153403 |
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This work describes the microstructural and elemental characterization of irradiated metallic fuels containing palladium as an additive. The use of additives has been proposed to control Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) and thus to promote higher fuel utilization (i.e., higher burnup). In this work, Pd has been investigated as a potential additive to metallic fuel to bind lanthanides, impeding their migration and attack on the cladding. The influence of Pd on the microstructure, chemistry and performance of metallic fuel has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy for two metallic fuel designs—namely, annular and solid fuel. Pd was observed to play an important role in the chemistry of the fuel. Indeed, the addition of Pd leads to the formation of new phases. Pd was detected to combine not only with the lanthanides, as intended, but also with Zr, a main element of the fuel matrix. While Pd proved to be effective in preventing lanthanide migration and their attack on the cladding, the Pd-Zr compound may potentially lead to other unexpected fuel-performance issues, such as the formation of low-melting point phases and increased unalloyed U available for FCCI interaction with Fe in the cladding. Even the increase of Zr to 13wt%. did not completely mitigate this adverse phenomenon generated by the Pd-Zr interaction. Thus, the efficacy of using this additive needs further investigation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3115</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-4820</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153403</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Additives ; Advanced fuel design ; FCCI ; Lanthanides ; Melting point ; Melting points ; Metal fuels ; Metallic fuel ; Microstructure ; Mitigation ; Nuclear fuel elements ; Palladium ; PIE ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Solid fuels ; Zirconium compounds</subject><ispartof>Journal of nuclear materials, 2022-01, Vol.558, p.153403, Article 153403</ispartof><rights>2021</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jan 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-91896d0da0c6f8a3885228d37af6ca466c6d714dc17a0a125aa39ff07c79e4dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-91896d0da0c6f8a3885228d37af6ca466c6d714dc17a0a125aa39ff07c79e4dd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311521006231$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Di Lemma, Fidelma G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trowbridge, Tammy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capriotti, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harp, Jason M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Michael T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Robert D.</creatorcontrib><title>Postirradiation characterization of palladium as an additive for fuel cladding chemical interaction mitigation in metallic fuel</title><title>Journal of nuclear materials</title><description>•Pd effectiveness to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction was investigated.•Pd effect on fuel performance was analyzed in irradiated U-10Zr.•Pd is used to bind lanthanides and impede their migration.•Microstructure and elemental analyses were performed via microscopy.•Pd was observed to form intermetallics with Zr and to combine with lanthanides.
This work describes the microstructural and elemental characterization of irradiated metallic fuels containing palladium as an additive. The use of additives has been proposed to control Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) and thus to promote higher fuel utilization (i.e., higher burnup). In this work, Pd has been investigated as a potential additive to metallic fuel to bind lanthanides, impeding their migration and attack on the cladding. The influence of Pd on the microstructure, chemistry and performance of metallic fuel has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy for two metallic fuel designs—namely, annular and solid fuel. Pd was observed to play an important role in the chemistry of the fuel. Indeed, the addition of Pd leads to the formation of new phases. Pd was detected to combine not only with the lanthanides, as intended, but also with Zr, a main element of the fuel matrix. While Pd proved to be effective in preventing lanthanide migration and their attack on the cladding, the Pd-Zr compound may potentially lead to other unexpected fuel-performance issues, such as the formation of low-melting point phases and increased unalloyed U available for FCCI interaction with Fe in the cladding. Even the increase of Zr to 13wt%. did not completely mitigate this adverse phenomenon generated by the Pd-Zr interaction. Thus, the efficacy of using this additive needs further investigation.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Advanced fuel design</subject><subject>FCCI</subject><subject>Lanthanides</subject><subject>Melting point</subject><subject>Melting points</subject><subject>Metal fuels</subject><subject>Metallic fuel</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Mitigation</subject><subject>Nuclear fuel elements</subject><subject>Palladium</subject><subject>PIE</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Solid fuels</subject><subject>Zirconium compounds</subject><issn>0022-3115</issn><issn>1873-4820</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMtKxDAUhoMoOI4-ghBw3ZpLm7YrkcEbDOhC1-GQy5jSy5ikA7rx1U2te1eHHP7_O-RD6JKSnBIqrtu8HSbVQ8wZYTSnJS8IP0IrWlc8K2pGjtGKEMYyTml5is5CaAkhZUPKFfp-GUN03oN2EN04YPUOHlQ03n0ti9HiPXRdCkw9hoBhwKC1i-5gsB09tpPpsOrm3bBLddM7BR12Q2Ik0IzoU3q30Fx6mZh4Tv02z9GJhS6Yi7-5Rm_3d6-bx2z7_PC0ud1mitdFzBpaN0ITDUQJWwOv65KxWvMKrFBQCKGErmihFa2AAGUlAG-sJZWqGlNozdfoauHu_fgxmRBlO05-SCclE2w2lYykVLmklB9D8MbKvXc9-E9JiZxdy1b-uZaza7m4Tr2bpWfSFw7OeBmUM4My2nmjotSj-4fwA_mWjUI</recordid><startdate>202201</startdate><enddate>202201</enddate><creator>Di Lemma, Fidelma G.</creator><creator>Trowbridge, Tammy M.</creator><creator>Capriotti, Luca</creator><creator>Harp, Jason M.</creator><creator>Benson, Michael T.</creator><creator>Mariani, Robert D.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202201</creationdate><title>Postirradiation characterization of palladium as an additive for fuel cladding chemical interaction mitigation in metallic fuel</title><author>Di Lemma, Fidelma G. ; Trowbridge, Tammy M. ; Capriotti, Luca ; Harp, Jason M. ; Benson, Michael T. ; Mariani, Robert D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-91896d0da0c6f8a3885228d37af6ca466c6d714dc17a0a125aa39ff07c79e4dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Advanced fuel design</topic><topic>FCCI</topic><topic>Lanthanides</topic><topic>Melting point</topic><topic>Melting points</topic><topic>Metal fuels</topic><topic>Metallic fuel</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Mitigation</topic><topic>Nuclear fuel elements</topic><topic>Palladium</topic><topic>PIE</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Solid fuels</topic><topic>Zirconium compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Di Lemma, Fidelma G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trowbridge, Tammy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capriotti, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harp, Jason M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Michael T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Robert D.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of nuclear materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Di Lemma, Fidelma G.</au><au>Trowbridge, Tammy M.</au><au>Capriotti, Luca</au><au>Harp, Jason M.</au><au>Benson, Michael T.</au><au>Mariani, Robert D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Postirradiation characterization of palladium as an additive for fuel cladding chemical interaction mitigation in metallic fuel</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nuclear materials</jtitle><date>2022-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>558</volume><spage>153403</spage><pages>153403-</pages><artnum>153403</artnum><issn>0022-3115</issn><eissn>1873-4820</eissn><abstract>•Pd effectiveness to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction was investigated.•Pd effect on fuel performance was analyzed in irradiated U-10Zr.•Pd is used to bind lanthanides and impede their migration.•Microstructure and elemental analyses were performed via microscopy.•Pd was observed to form intermetallics with Zr and to combine with lanthanides.
This work describes the microstructural and elemental characterization of irradiated metallic fuels containing palladium as an additive. The use of additives has been proposed to control Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) and thus to promote higher fuel utilization (i.e., higher burnup). In this work, Pd has been investigated as a potential additive to metallic fuel to bind lanthanides, impeding their migration and attack on the cladding. The influence of Pd on the microstructure, chemistry and performance of metallic fuel has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy for two metallic fuel designs—namely, annular and solid fuel. Pd was observed to play an important role in the chemistry of the fuel. Indeed, the addition of Pd leads to the formation of new phases. Pd was detected to combine not only with the lanthanides, as intended, but also with Zr, a main element of the fuel matrix. While Pd proved to be effective in preventing lanthanide migration and their attack on the cladding, the Pd-Zr compound may potentially lead to other unexpected fuel-performance issues, such as the formation of low-melting point phases and increased unalloyed U available for FCCI interaction with Fe in the cladding. Even the increase of Zr to 13wt%. did not completely mitigate this adverse phenomenon generated by the Pd-Zr interaction. Thus, the efficacy of using this additive needs further investigation.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153403</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Additives Advanced fuel design FCCI Lanthanides Melting point Melting points Metal fuels Metallic fuel Microstructure Mitigation Nuclear fuel elements Palladium PIE Scanning electron microscopy Solid fuels Zirconium compounds |
title | Postirradiation characterization of palladium as an additive for fuel cladding chemical interaction mitigation in metallic fuel |
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