Pheromone Deployment Strategies for Mating Disruption of a Vineyard Mealybug
The mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), is a primary vineyard pest in California and other grape-growing regions throughout the World. Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecti...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of economic entomology 2021-12, Vol.114 (6), p.2439-2451 |
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| container_title | Journal of economic entomology |
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| creator | Daane, Kent M Cooper, Monica L Mercer, Nathan H Hogg, Brian N Yokota, Glenn Y Haviland, David R Welter, Stephen C Cave, Frances E Sial, Ashfaq A Boyd, Elizabeth A |
| description | The mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), is a primary vineyard pest in California and other grape-growing regions throughout the World. Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecticide programs. To improve mating disruption economic effectiveness, different deployment technologies (passive, aerosol, and microencapsulated formulations) were individually examined. Adult male Pl. ficus captures in pheromone traps and categorical ratings of vine infestation or crop damage suggest that all deployment strategies lowered mealybug densities or damage. Using passive dispensers, deployment rates of 310 and 465 per ha lowered Pl. ficus crop damage similar to 615 per ha, a rate commonly used in commercial operations; reduced rates would lower product and deployment costs. Meso dispensers, containing more a.i., deployed at 35 per ha did not have a treatment impact, but a microencapsulated formulation and aerosol canisters lowered male flight captures and/or crop damage. Male mealybug flight activity was greatest from 0500–1100 hr, which coincided with temperatures >16° and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jee/toab198 |
| format | Article |
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Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecticide programs. To improve mating disruption economic effectiveness, different deployment technologies (passive, aerosol, and microencapsulated formulations) were individually examined. Adult male Pl. ficus captures in pheromone traps and categorical ratings of vine infestation or crop damage suggest that all deployment strategies lowered mealybug densities or damage. Using passive dispensers, deployment rates of 310 and 465 per ha lowered Pl. ficus crop damage similar to 615 per ha, a rate commonly used in commercial operations; reduced rates would lower product and deployment costs. Meso dispensers, containing more a.i., deployed at 35 per ha did not have a treatment impact, but a microencapsulated formulation and aerosol canisters lowered male flight captures and/or crop damage. Male mealybug flight activity was greatest from 0500–1100 hr, which coincided with temperatures >16° and <32°C.These restricted times and temperatures suggest programable dispensers might allow pheromone deployment to coincide only with flight patterns. A large field trial using passive dispensers found greater treatment separation after 3 yr of pheromone deployment. Discrepancies in results among vineyards may be related to Pl. ficus density, but combined results from all trials suggest that different deployment technologies can be used to impact Pl. ficus densities and damage, even at reduced rates, especially with continued use over multiple seasons.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34694405</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Animals ; Crop damage ; Crops ; Farms ; Flight activity ; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY ; Insect Control ; Insecticides ; Male ; Mating disruption ; Mealy bugs ; Moths ; Pheromone traps ; Pheromones ; Planococcus ficus ; Reproduction ; semiochemical ; Sex Attractants ; sex pheromone ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; sustainable agriculture ; vineyard pest ; Vineyards ; Wine industry ; Wineries ; Wineries & vineyards</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 2021-12, Vol.114 (6), p.2439-2451</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. 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Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecticide programs. To improve mating disruption economic effectiveness, different deployment technologies (passive, aerosol, and microencapsulated formulations) were individually examined. Adult male Pl. ficus captures in pheromone traps and categorical ratings of vine infestation or crop damage suggest that all deployment strategies lowered mealybug densities or damage. Using passive dispensers, deployment rates of 310 and 465 per ha lowered Pl. ficus crop damage similar to 615 per ha, a rate commonly used in commercial operations; reduced rates would lower product and deployment costs. Meso dispensers, containing more a.i., deployed at 35 per ha did not have a treatment impact, but a microencapsulated formulation and aerosol canisters lowered male flight captures and/or crop damage. Male mealybug flight activity was greatest from 0500–1100 hr, which coincided with temperatures >16° and <32°C.These restricted times and temperatures suggest programable dispensers might allow pheromone deployment to coincide only with flight patterns. A large field trial using passive dispensers found greater treatment separation after 3 yr of pheromone deployment. Discrepancies in results among vineyards may be related to Pl. ficus density, but combined results from all trials suggest that different deployment technologies can be used to impact Pl. ficus densities and damage, even at reduced rates, especially with continued use over multiple seasons.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Crop damage</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Flight activity</subject><subject>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</subject><subject>Insect Control</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mating disruption</subject><subject>Mealy bugs</subject><subject>Moths</subject><subject>Pheromone traps</subject><subject>Pheromones</subject><subject>Planococcus ficus</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>semiochemical</subject><subject>Sex Attractants</subject><subject>sex pheromone</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>sustainable 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Entomol</addtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>114</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2439</spage><epage>2451</epage><pages>2439-2451</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><abstract>The mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), is a primary vineyard pest in California and other grape-growing regions throughout the World. Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecticide programs. To improve mating disruption economic effectiveness, different deployment technologies (passive, aerosol, and microencapsulated formulations) were individually examined. Adult male Pl. ficus captures in pheromone traps and categorical ratings of vine infestation or crop damage suggest that all deployment strategies lowered mealybug densities or damage. Using passive dispensers, deployment rates of 310 and 465 per ha lowered Pl. ficus crop damage similar to 615 per ha, a rate commonly used in commercial operations; reduced rates would lower product and deployment costs. Meso dispensers, containing more a.i., deployed at 35 per ha did not have a treatment impact, but a microencapsulated formulation and aerosol canisters lowered male flight captures and/or crop damage. Male mealybug flight activity was greatest from 0500–1100 hr, which coincided with temperatures >16° and <32°C.These restricted times and temperatures suggest programable dispensers might allow pheromone deployment to coincide only with flight patterns. A large field trial using passive dispensers found greater treatment separation after 3 yr of pheromone deployment. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of economic entomology, 2021-12, Vol.114 (6), p.2439-2451 |
| issn | 0022-0493 1938-291X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Aerosols Animals Crop damage Crops Farms Flight activity HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Insect Control Insecticides Male Mating disruption Mealy bugs Moths Pheromone traps Pheromones Planococcus ficus Reproduction semiochemical Sex Attractants sex pheromone Sexual Behavior, Animal sustainable agriculture vineyard pest Vineyards Wine industry Wineries Wineries & vineyards |
| title | Pheromone Deployment Strategies for Mating Disruption of a Vineyard Mealybug |
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