Low-cost open-source platform for irrigation automation
•Water-saving irrigation technologies are needed to optimize crop production.•Low-cost open-source controllers can be used to automate irrigation systems.•Real-time soil moisture measurements allow water application on demand and increase water use efficiency in cherry tomatoes. Sensor-based irrigat...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Computers and electronics in agriculture 2021-11, Vol.190, p.106481, Article 106481 |
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creator | de Moura Campos, Hugo de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E. Mesquita, Marcio de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz |
description | •Water-saving irrigation technologies are needed to optimize crop production.•Low-cost open-source controllers can be used to automate irrigation systems.•Real-time soil moisture measurements allow water application on demand and increase water use efficiency in cherry tomatoes.
Sensor-based irrigation can be used to optimize crop production and deliver water precisely on demand. However, commercially available control systems can be expensive. To reduce the cost of automated irrigation systems, researchers have used alternative low-cost open-source platforms coupled to capacitive sensors that can monitor volumetric soil water content (VWC) in real-time, allowing on-demand water supply to plants. This study aims to design and develop a low-cost open-source irrigation system using a prototyping platform connected to soil moisture sensors to monitor and control irrigation automatically. And additionally, determine the water use efficiency of two cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivars grown using the system. The platform was designed, assembled, and tested to verify the ability to trigger irrigation on-demand at four different VWC thresholds at 0.23, 0.30, 0.37, and 0.44 m3 m−3. The setup used a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3; Arduino, Ivrea, Italy) connected to soil moisture sensors (10HS; METER Group, Pullman, WA) and relay drivers (Adafruit; New York, NY, USA) to trigger irrigation automatically. This manuscript explains how to assemble the system using commercial equipment readily available in the market. Results indicate that the low-cost open-source platform and soil moisture sensors successfully monitored soil VWC and reliable controlled irrigation in cherry tomatoes. The technology significantly improved water use efficiency with the increase in VWC to trigger the system automatically. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106481 |
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Sensor-based irrigation can be used to optimize crop production and deliver water precisely on demand. However, commercially available control systems can be expensive. To reduce the cost of automated irrigation systems, researchers have used alternative low-cost open-source platforms coupled to capacitive sensors that can monitor volumetric soil water content (VWC) in real-time, allowing on-demand water supply to plants. This study aims to design and develop a low-cost open-source irrigation system using a prototyping platform connected to soil moisture sensors to monitor and control irrigation automatically. And additionally, determine the water use efficiency of two cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivars grown using the system. The platform was designed, assembled, and tested to verify the ability to trigger irrigation on-demand at four different VWC thresholds at 0.23, 0.30, 0.37, and 0.44 m3 m−3. The setup used a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3; Arduino, Ivrea, Italy) connected to soil moisture sensors (10HS; METER Group, Pullman, WA) and relay drivers (Adafruit; New York, NY, USA) to trigger irrigation automatically. This manuscript explains how to assemble the system using commercial equipment readily available in the market. Results indicate that the low-cost open-source platform and soil moisture sensors successfully monitored soil VWC and reliable controlled irrigation in cherry tomatoes. The technology significantly improved water use efficiency with the increase in VWC to trigger the system automatically.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-1699</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7107</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106481</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Automation ; Cherry tomato ; Crop production ; Irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Low cost ; Microcontrollers ; Moisture content ; Open source software ; Prototyping ; Sensors ; Soil moisture ; Soil water ; Tomatoes ; Volumetric water content ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water use efficiency</subject><ispartof>Computers and electronics in agriculture, 2021-11, Vol.190, p.106481, Article 106481</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Nov 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6f2dd03c7f9246ad7714d0011324ec4a3714784476550795df90479fab7b3f0a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6f2dd03c7f9246ad7714d0011324ec4a3714784476550795df90479fab7b3f0a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106481$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Moura Campos, Hugo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesquita, Marcio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz</creatorcontrib><title>Low-cost open-source platform for irrigation automation</title><title>Computers and electronics in agriculture</title><description>•Water-saving irrigation technologies are needed to optimize crop production.•Low-cost open-source controllers can be used to automate irrigation systems.•Real-time soil moisture measurements allow water application on demand and increase water use efficiency in cherry tomatoes.
Sensor-based irrigation can be used to optimize crop production and deliver water precisely on demand. However, commercially available control systems can be expensive. To reduce the cost of automated irrigation systems, researchers have used alternative low-cost open-source platforms coupled to capacitive sensors that can monitor volumetric soil water content (VWC) in real-time, allowing on-demand water supply to plants. This study aims to design and develop a low-cost open-source irrigation system using a prototyping platform connected to soil moisture sensors to monitor and control irrigation automatically. And additionally, determine the water use efficiency of two cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivars grown using the system. The platform was designed, assembled, and tested to verify the ability to trigger irrigation on-demand at four different VWC thresholds at 0.23, 0.30, 0.37, and 0.44 m3 m−3. The setup used a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3; Arduino, Ivrea, Italy) connected to soil moisture sensors (10HS; METER Group, Pullman, WA) and relay drivers (Adafruit; New York, NY, USA) to trigger irrigation automatically. This manuscript explains how to assemble the system using commercial equipment readily available in the market. Results indicate that the low-cost open-source platform and soil moisture sensors successfully monitored soil VWC and reliable controlled irrigation in cherry tomatoes. The technology significantly improved water use efficiency with the increase in VWC to trigger the system automatically.</description><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Cherry tomato</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation systems</subject><subject>Low cost</subject><subject>Microcontrollers</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Open source software</subject><subject>Prototyping</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Tomatoes</subject><subject>Volumetric water content</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water use</subject><subject>Water use efficiency</subject><issn>0168-1699</issn><issn>1872-7107</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMtKAzEUDaJgrf6BiwHXqXlNMtkIUnxBwY2uQ5pHydCZjEmq-Pemjms3995zOec-DgDXGK0wwvy2X5k4THq3Iojg2uKswydggTtBoMBInIJFpXUQcynPwUXOPapYdmIBxCZ-QRNzaeLkRpjjIRnXTHtdfExDU0MTUgo7XUIcG30ocfgtL8GZ1_vsrv7yErw_Prytn-Hm9ellfb-BhnaoQO6JtYga4SVhXFshMLN1OaaEOcM0rVh0jAnetkjI1nqJmJBeb8WWeqTpEtzMc6cUPw4uF9XXE8e6UhGOW0YE7XBlsZllUsw5Oa-mFAadvhVG6miR6tVskTpapGaLquxulrn6wWdwSWUT3GicDcmZomwM_w_4AZr-b50</recordid><startdate>202111</startdate><enddate>202111</enddate><creator>de Moura Campos, Hugo</creator><creator>de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E.</creator><creator>Mesquita, Marcio</creator><creator>de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira</creator><creator>Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202111</creationdate><title>Low-cost open-source platform for irrigation automation</title><author>de Moura Campos, Hugo ; de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E. ; Mesquita, Marcio ; de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira ; Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6f2dd03c7f9246ad7714d0011324ec4a3714784476550795df90479fab7b3f0a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Cherry tomato</topic><topic>Crop production</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Irrigation systems</topic><topic>Low cost</topic><topic>Microcontrollers</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Open source software</topic><topic>Prototyping</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Soil moisture</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Tomatoes</topic><topic>Volumetric water content</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Water use</topic><topic>Water use efficiency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>de Moura Campos, Hugo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesquita, Marcio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>Computers and electronics in agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Moura Campos, Hugo</au><au>de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca E.</au><au>Mesquita, Marcio</au><au>de Castro, Lucas Eduardo Vieira</au><au>Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low-cost open-source platform for irrigation automation</atitle><jtitle>Computers and electronics in agriculture</jtitle><date>2021-11</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>190</volume><spage>106481</spage><pages>106481-</pages><artnum>106481</artnum><issn>0168-1699</issn><eissn>1872-7107</eissn><abstract>•Water-saving irrigation technologies are needed to optimize crop production.•Low-cost open-source controllers can be used to automate irrigation systems.•Real-time soil moisture measurements allow water application on demand and increase water use efficiency in cherry tomatoes.
Sensor-based irrigation can be used to optimize crop production and deliver water precisely on demand. However, commercially available control systems can be expensive. To reduce the cost of automated irrigation systems, researchers have used alternative low-cost open-source platforms coupled to capacitive sensors that can monitor volumetric soil water content (VWC) in real-time, allowing on-demand water supply to plants. This study aims to design and develop a low-cost open-source irrigation system using a prototyping platform connected to soil moisture sensors to monitor and control irrigation automatically. And additionally, determine the water use efficiency of two cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivars grown using the system. The platform was designed, assembled, and tested to verify the ability to trigger irrigation on-demand at four different VWC thresholds at 0.23, 0.30, 0.37, and 0.44 m3 m−3. The setup used a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3; Arduino, Ivrea, Italy) connected to soil moisture sensors (10HS; METER Group, Pullman, WA) and relay drivers (Adafruit; New York, NY, USA) to trigger irrigation automatically. This manuscript explains how to assemble the system using commercial equipment readily available in the market. Results indicate that the low-cost open-source platform and soil moisture sensors successfully monitored soil VWC and reliable controlled irrigation in cherry tomatoes. The technology significantly improved water use efficiency with the increase in VWC to trigger the system automatically.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.compag.2021.106481</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Automation Cherry tomato Crop production Irrigation Irrigation systems Low cost Microcontrollers Moisture content Open source software Prototyping Sensors Soil moisture Soil water Tomatoes Volumetric water content Water supply Water use Water use efficiency |
title | Low-cost open-source platform for irrigation automation |
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