Low‐Latitude Zonal Ion Drifts and Their Relationship With Subauroral Polarization Streams and Auroral Return Flows During Intense Magnetic Storms

We analyze horizontal plasma drifts measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites during two intense magnetic storms. It is found, for the first time, that westward plasma flows associated with subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) in the dusk‐evening sector penetrate continuo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2021-12, Vol.126 (12), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser: Huang, Chao‐Song, Zhang, Yongliang, Wang, Wenbin, Lin, Dong, Wu, Qian
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creator Huang, Chao‐Song
Zhang, Yongliang
Wang, Wenbin
Lin, Dong
Wu, Qian
description We analyze horizontal plasma drifts measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites during two intense magnetic storms. It is found, for the first time, that westward plasma flows associated with subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) in the dusk‐evening sector penetrate continuously to equatorial latitudes. The westward ion drifts between subauroral and equatorial latitudes occur nearly simultaneously. The latitudinal profile of the westward ion drifts at low latitudes (approximately within ±30° magnetic latitude [MLat]) is relatively flat, and the westward ion drifts at the magnetic equator reach 200–300 m s−1. In the dawn‐morning sector, eastward ion drifts at subauroral latitudes are also SAPS. The storm‐time dawnside auroral boundary moves to ∼±55° MLat, and the dawnside SAPS penetrate to ∼±20° MLat at 0930 local time. A dawnside SAPS flow channel appears to exist, although it is not as well defined as the duskside SAPS flow channel. Thermospheric wind data measured by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite are analyzed, and zonal disturbance winds are derived. Disturbance winds can reach equatorial latitudes rapidly near midnight but are limited to ±40° geographic latitude or higher near noon. The effects of disturbance winds on the zonal ion drifts at middle and low latitudes are discussed. It is suggested that both the westward ion drifts at middle and low latitudes in the dusk‐evening sector and the eastward ion drifts at middle and lower latitudes in the dawn‐morning sector are caused primarily by penetration of the SAPS and auroral electric fields. Key Points Horizontal ion drifts from auroral to equatorial latitudes and thermospheric winds are analyzed during two intense magnetic storms Penetration of westward plasma flows of subauroral polarization streams to equatorial latitudes near dusk is identified for the first time Penetration of auroral and subauroral electric fields to low latitudes near dawn is identified for the first time
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2021JA030001
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Disturbance winds can reach equatorial latitudes rapidly near midnight but are limited to ±40° geographic latitude or higher near noon. The effects of disturbance winds on the zonal ion drifts at middle and low latitudes are discussed. It is suggested that both the westward ion drifts at middle and low latitudes in the dusk‐evening sector and the eastward ion drifts at middle and lower latitudes in the dawn‐morning sector are caused primarily by penetration of the SAPS and auroral electric fields. Key Points Horizontal ion drifts from auroral to equatorial latitudes and thermospheric winds are analyzed during two intense magnetic storms Penetration of westward plasma flows of subauroral polarization streams to equatorial latitudes near dusk is identified for the first time Penetration of auroral and subauroral electric fields to low latitudes near dawn is identified for the first time</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2021JA030001</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Auroral electric fields ; Defense programs ; DMSP satellites ; Drift ; electric field ; Electric fields ; Equator ; Equatorial regions ; Flow channels ; Geomagnetic storms ; ionosphere ; ionospheric plasma drift ; Latitude ; Magnetic equator ; Magnetic storms ; Meteorological satellite program ; Meteorological satellites ; Morning ; penetration electric field ; Plasma drift ; Polarization ; Return flow ; Satellites ; Storms ; Streams ; subauroral polarization streams ; thermospheric wind ; Wind data ; Wind effects</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. 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A dawnside SAPS flow channel appears to exist, although it is not as well defined as the duskside SAPS flow channel. Thermospheric wind data measured by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite are analyzed, and zonal disturbance winds are derived. Disturbance winds can reach equatorial latitudes rapidly near midnight but are limited to ±40° geographic latitude or higher near noon. The effects of disturbance winds on the zonal ion drifts at middle and low latitudes are discussed. It is suggested that both the westward ion drifts at middle and low latitudes in the dusk‐evening sector and the eastward ion drifts at middle and lower latitudes in the dawn‐morning sector are caused primarily by penetration of the SAPS and auroral electric fields. 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Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Chao‐Song</au><au>Zhang, Yongliang</au><au>Wang, Wenbin</au><au>Lin, Dong</au><au>Wu, Qian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low‐Latitude Zonal Ion Drifts and Their Relationship With Subauroral Polarization Streams and Auroral Return Flows During Intense Magnetic Storms</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>126</volume><issue>12</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>We analyze horizontal plasma drifts measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites during two intense magnetic storms. It is found, for the first time, that westward plasma flows associated with subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) in the dusk‐evening sector penetrate continuously to equatorial latitudes. The westward ion drifts between subauroral and equatorial latitudes occur nearly simultaneously. The latitudinal profile of the westward ion drifts at low latitudes (approximately within ±30° magnetic latitude [MLat]) is relatively flat, and the westward ion drifts at the magnetic equator reach 200–300 m s−1. In the dawn‐morning sector, eastward ion drifts at subauroral latitudes are also SAPS. The storm‐time dawnside auroral boundary moves to ∼±55° MLat, and the dawnside SAPS penetrate to ∼±20° MLat at 0930 local time. A dawnside SAPS flow channel appears to exist, although it is not as well defined as the duskside SAPS flow channel. Thermospheric wind data measured by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite are analyzed, and zonal disturbance winds are derived. Disturbance winds can reach equatorial latitudes rapidly near midnight but are limited to ±40° geographic latitude or higher near noon. The effects of disturbance winds on the zonal ion drifts at middle and low latitudes are discussed. It is suggested that both the westward ion drifts at middle and low latitudes in the dusk‐evening sector and the eastward ion drifts at middle and lower latitudes in the dawn‐morning sector are caused primarily by penetration of the SAPS and auroral electric fields. Key Points Horizontal ion drifts from auroral to equatorial latitudes and thermospheric winds are analyzed during two intense magnetic storms Penetration of westward plasma flows of subauroral polarization streams to equatorial latitudes near dusk is identified for the first time Penetration of auroral and subauroral electric fields to low latitudes near dawn is identified for the first time</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2021JA030001</doi><tpages>0</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-6677</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-9340</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-3803</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-1662</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-4542</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Auroral electric fields
Defense programs
DMSP satellites
Drift
electric field
Electric fields
Equator
Equatorial regions
Flow channels
Geomagnetic storms
ionosphere
ionospheric plasma drift
Latitude
Magnetic equator
Magnetic storms
Meteorological satellite program
Meteorological satellites
Morning
penetration electric field
Plasma drift
Polarization
Return flow
Satellites
Storms
Streams
subauroral polarization streams
thermospheric wind
Wind data
Wind effects
title Low‐Latitude Zonal Ion Drifts and Their Relationship With Subauroral Polarization Streams and Auroral Return Flows During Intense Magnetic Storms
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