MrFbP: Markov random field‐driven spatial entropy‐based routing protocol in opportunistic networks
Summary Recently, research towards technologies associated with the 5G communication is in full operation. Amongst these enabling technologies, device‐to‐device(D2D) communication is one of the critical factors for scaling up the network efficiency in 5G communication. Intermittent connections due t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of communication systems 2022-01, Vol.35 (1), p.n/a |
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| container_title | International journal of communication systems |
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| creator | Kumar, Arun Dutta, Aniruddha A. Jain, Nayan Dhurandher, Sanjay K. |
| description | Summary
Recently, research towards technologies associated with the 5G communication is in full operation. Amongst these enabling technologies, device‐to‐device(D2D) communication is one of the critical factors for scaling up the network efficiency in 5G communication. Intermittent connections due to higher mobility lead to frequent path breaks, and hence a mobility‐based opportunistic routing is suitable enough to control the forwarding process. Opportunistic networks (OppNet) use the pairwise opportunistic contacts and higher mobility to rely on the store‐carry and forward mechanism for routing purpose. In this work, a novel mobility‐induced context‐based routing process has been designed to support D2D communication. The designed Markov random field‐induced protocol (MrFbP) is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and is then used to capture the utility metric for taking forwarding decision. MrFbP is compared against the established Direct Delivery (DD), Epidemic (EP), Spray & Wait (SW), and PropHet (PR) on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol against the baseline protocols.
The designed MrFbP is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and the MrFbP is compared against the established protocols on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol. The aggregated improvement over all the performance metrics of MrFbP is around 11%, 19%, 36%, and 56% over Spray & Wait, Prophet, Epedimic, and Direct Delivery, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/dac.5018 |
| format | Article |
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Recently, research towards technologies associated with the 5G communication is in full operation. Amongst these enabling technologies, device‐to‐device(D2D) communication is one of the critical factors for scaling up the network efficiency in 5G communication. Intermittent connections due to higher mobility lead to frequent path breaks, and hence a mobility‐based opportunistic routing is suitable enough to control the forwarding process. Opportunistic networks (OppNet) use the pairwise opportunistic contacts and higher mobility to rely on the store‐carry and forward mechanism for routing purpose. In this work, a novel mobility‐induced context‐based routing process has been designed to support D2D communication. The designed Markov random field‐induced protocol (MrFbP) is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and is then used to capture the utility metric for taking forwarding decision. MrFbP is compared against the established Direct Delivery (DD), Epidemic (EP), Spray & Wait (SW), and PropHet (PR) on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol against the baseline protocols.
The designed MrFbP is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and the MrFbP is compared against the established protocols on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol. The aggregated improvement over all the performance metrics of MrFbP is around 11%, 19%, 36%, and 56% over Spray & Wait, Prophet, Epedimic, and Direct Delivery, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1074-5351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1131</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/dac.5018</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>5G communication ; Communication ; coverage span ; device‐to‐device (D2D) ; Energy consumption ; Entropy ; Fields (mathematics) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; Markov random field (MRF) ; network routing ; opportunistic network (OppNet) ; Protocol ; Routing (telecommunications) ; spatial entropy</subject><ispartof>International journal of communication systems, 2022-01, Vol.35 (1), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2938-b2fba1cadc6c3042461f6db14864ae4a76cc2ab95fa8ab76225417dfc6c5503d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2938-b2fba1cadc6c3042461f6db14864ae4a76cc2ab95fa8ab76225417dfc6c5503d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5018-0538 ; 0000-0002-9573-7069</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fdac.5018$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fdac.5018$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Arun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutta, Aniruddha A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, Nayan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhurandher, Sanjay K.</creatorcontrib><title>MrFbP: Markov random field‐driven spatial entropy‐based routing protocol in opportunistic networks</title><title>International journal of communication systems</title><description>Summary
Recently, research towards technologies associated with the 5G communication is in full operation. Amongst these enabling technologies, device‐to‐device(D2D) communication is one of the critical factors for scaling up the network efficiency in 5G communication. Intermittent connections due to higher mobility lead to frequent path breaks, and hence a mobility‐based opportunistic routing is suitable enough to control the forwarding process. Opportunistic networks (OppNet) use the pairwise opportunistic contacts and higher mobility to rely on the store‐carry and forward mechanism for routing purpose. In this work, a novel mobility‐induced context‐based routing process has been designed to support D2D communication. The designed Markov random field‐induced protocol (MrFbP) is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and is then used to capture the utility metric for taking forwarding decision. MrFbP is compared against the established Direct Delivery (DD), Epidemic (EP), Spray & Wait (SW), and PropHet (PR) on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol against the baseline protocols.
The designed MrFbP is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and the MrFbP is compared against the established protocols on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol. The aggregated improvement over all the performance metrics of MrFbP is around 11%, 19%, 36%, and 56% over Spray & Wait, Prophet, Epedimic, and Direct Delivery, respectively.</description><subject>5G communication</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>coverage span</subject><subject>device‐to‐device (D2D)</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Entropy</subject><subject>Fields (mathematics)</subject><subject>Internet of Things (IoT)</subject><subject>Markov random field (MRF)</subject><subject>network routing</subject><subject>opportunistic network (OppNet)</subject><subject>Protocol</subject><subject>Routing (telecommunications)</subject><subject>spatial entropy</subject><issn>1074-5351</issn><issn>1099-1131</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10LtOwzAUBuAIgUQpSDyCJRaWFNuJnYStKhSQWsEAs-X4gtymdrDdVt14BJ6RJ8GlrEw-kj-dy59llwiOEIT4RnIxIhDVR9kAwabJESrQ8b6uypwUBJ1mZyEsIIQ1pmSQ6bmfti-3YM790m2A51a6FdBGdfL780t6s1EWhJ5HwzugbPSu36WPlgclgXfraOw76L2LTrgOGAtc3zsf19aEaASwKm6dX4bz7ETzLqiLv3eYvU3vXyeP-ez54WkynuUCN0Wdt1i3HAkuBRUFLHFJkaayRWVNS65KXlEhMG8bonnN24piTEpUSZ04IbCQxTC7OvRNK32sVYhs4dbeppEM03RyhSEhSV0flPAuBK80671Zcb9jCLJ9iiylyPYpJpof6NZ0avevY3fjya__AWA7dtE</recordid><startdate>20220110</startdate><enddate>20220110</enddate><creator>Kumar, Arun</creator><creator>Dutta, Aniruddha A.</creator><creator>Jain, Nayan</creator><creator>Dhurandher, Sanjay K.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0538</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-7069</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220110</creationdate><title>MrFbP: Markov random field‐driven spatial entropy‐based routing protocol in opportunistic networks</title><author>Kumar, Arun ; Dutta, Aniruddha A. ; Jain, Nayan ; Dhurandher, Sanjay K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2938-b2fba1cadc6c3042461f6db14864ae4a76cc2ab95fa8ab76225417dfc6c5503d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>5G communication</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>coverage span</topic><topic>device‐to‐device (D2D)</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Entropy</topic><topic>Fields (mathematics)</topic><topic>Internet of Things (IoT)</topic><topic>Markov random field (MRF)</topic><topic>network routing</topic><topic>opportunistic network (OppNet)</topic><topic>Protocol</topic><topic>Routing (telecommunications)</topic><topic>spatial entropy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Arun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutta, Aniruddha A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, Nayan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhurandher, Sanjay K.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>International journal of communication systems</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kumar, Arun</au><au>Dutta, Aniruddha A.</au><au>Jain, Nayan</au><au>Dhurandher, Sanjay K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>MrFbP: Markov random field‐driven spatial entropy‐based routing protocol in opportunistic networks</atitle><jtitle>International journal of communication systems</jtitle><date>2022-01-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>1074-5351</issn><eissn>1099-1131</eissn><abstract>Summary
Recently, research towards technologies associated with the 5G communication is in full operation. Amongst these enabling technologies, device‐to‐device(D2D) communication is one of the critical factors for scaling up the network efficiency in 5G communication. Intermittent connections due to higher mobility lead to frequent path breaks, and hence a mobility‐based opportunistic routing is suitable enough to control the forwarding process. Opportunistic networks (OppNet) use the pairwise opportunistic contacts and higher mobility to rely on the store‐carry and forward mechanism for routing purpose. In this work, a novel mobility‐induced context‐based routing process has been designed to support D2D communication. The designed Markov random field‐induced protocol (MrFbP) is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and is then used to capture the utility metric for taking forwarding decision. MrFbP is compared against the established Direct Delivery (DD), Epidemic (EP), Spray & Wait (SW), and PropHet (PR) on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol against the baseline protocols.
The designed MrFbP is based on spatial entropy for capturing the coverage span of the forwarding node in the network. The work relies on the monitored historic mobility of a node and the MrFbP is compared against the established protocols on parameters like throughput, delay, hops, overheads, and energy consumption. Simulation has been carried out using ONE simulator to validate an improvement in the design of a designed protocol. The aggregated improvement over all the performance metrics of MrFbP is around 11%, 19%, 36%, and 56% over Spray & Wait, Prophet, Epedimic, and Direct Delivery, respectively.</abstract><cop>Chichester</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/dac.5018</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0538</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-7069</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 5G communication Communication coverage span device‐to‐device (D2D) Energy consumption Entropy Fields (mathematics) Internet of Things (IoT) Markov random field (MRF) network routing opportunistic network (OppNet) Protocol Routing (telecommunications) spatial entropy |
| title | MrFbP: Markov random field‐driven spatial entropy‐based routing protocol in opportunistic networks |
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