Changing Ground: Handling Tensions between Production Ethics and Environmental Ethics of Agricultural Soils
Soils are an essential element in sustainable food systems and vital for ecosystem services. Soils are degrading, because of urbanization, poor soil management, depletion and mining, over-use of inputs and impacts of climate change. Poor soil management resulted from short-term yield maximization ca...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2021-12, Vol.13 (23), p.13291 |
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description | Soils are an essential element in sustainable food systems and vital for ecosystem services. Soils are degrading, because of urbanization, poor soil management, depletion and mining, over-use of inputs and impacts of climate change. Poor soil management resulted from short-term yield maximization caused by changes in land tenure, property rights and land use. We argue for soil protection based on the concept of soil telos defined as the combined purposefulness in agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem optimization. It includes the right of mankind to use soils, provided norms and values are respected based on the soil’s usefulness, its natural purposefulness and its right to be protected (including its physical, chemical and biological cycles). Finding a sustainable balance between these values and rights on the one hand and the need to use living soils for agricultural production on the other hand requires a new approach to soil management based on widely accepted norm- and value-driven decisions on unavoidable trade-offs. Reconciling man-made telos and natural telos, requires (i) empowering the soil to achieve its man-made telos (e.g., by restoring degraded soils); (ii) empowering the soil to achieve its natural telos (e.g., by restoring water courses); (iii) raising awareness about the need to reconcile these two teloi (e.g., by acknowledging rights of soils); and (iv) monitoring tools to assess successful reconciliation (e.g., by evaluating soil health). |
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Soils are degrading, because of urbanization, poor soil management, depletion and mining, over-use of inputs and impacts of climate change. Poor soil management resulted from short-term yield maximization caused by changes in land tenure, property rights and land use. We argue for soil protection based on the concept of soil telos defined as the combined purposefulness in agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem optimization. It includes the right of mankind to use soils, provided norms and values are respected based on the soil’s usefulness, its natural purposefulness and its right to be protected (including its physical, chemical and biological cycles). Finding a sustainable balance between these values and rights on the one hand and the need to use living soils for agricultural production on the other hand requires a new approach to soil management based on widely accepted norm- and value-driven decisions on unavoidable trade-offs. Reconciling man-made telos and natural telos, requires (i) empowering the soil to achieve its man-made telos (e.g., by restoring degraded soils); (ii) empowering the soil to achieve its natural telos (e.g., by restoring water courses); (iii) raising awareness about the need to reconcile these two teloi (e.g., by acknowledging rights of soils); and (iv) monitoring tools to assess successful reconciliation (e.g., by evaluating soil health).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su132313291</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural ecosystems ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Climate change ; Culture ; Depletion ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Environmental ethics ; Environmental quality ; Ethical standards ; Ethics ; Farming ; Land degradation ; Land tenure ; Land use ; Microorganisms ; Norms ; Optimization ; Pesticides ; Property rights ; Soil degradation ; Soil fertility ; Soil management ; Soils ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development ; Sustainable food system ; Terrestrial environments ; Urbanization ; Water shortages ; Watercourses</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2021-12, Vol.13 (23), p.13291</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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subjects | Agricultural ecosystems Agricultural land Agricultural production Agriculture Climate change Culture Depletion Ecosystem services Ecosystems Environmental ethics Environmental quality Ethical standards Ethics Farming Land degradation Land tenure Land use Microorganisms Norms Optimization Pesticides Property rights Soil degradation Soil fertility Soil management Soils Sustainability Sustainable development Sustainable food system Terrestrial environments Urbanization Water shortages Watercourses |
title | Changing Ground: Handling Tensions between Production Ethics and Environmental Ethics of Agricultural Soils |
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