Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a wate...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2021-12, Vol.13 (23), p.3442 |
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| creator | Wei, Li-Lin Hu, Chan-Chih Hsu, Chu-Wei Pen, Chun-Wei Chen, Li-Yu Yu, Yu-Chun Carey, James R. Yin, Hao-Chang Wang, Shan-Shue |
| description | Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w13233442 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to <5 CFU/mL and the chlorite concentration was less than 0.0004 mg/L, meeting legal standards of Taiwan, the USA, and China. In addition to the application of ACD in dental chairs, it may also be used in closed water systems for food, cosmetics, beverages, and other industries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w13233442</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aqueous solutions ; Bacteria ; Beverages ; Biofilms ; Chlorine ; Chlorine dioxide ; Clinics ; Cosmetics ; Dental materials ; Disinfection ; Disinfection & disinfectants ; Dosage ; Infections ; Odors ; Oxidation ; Oxidation-reduction potential ; Sensors ; Sodium ; Water purification ; Water quality ; Water supply</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2021-12, Vol.13 (23), p.3442</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c292t-a237857962f56171dd808175cfe1b86b96ec47c41c88963cd41232b949466e2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c292t-a237857962f56171dd808175cfe1b86b96ec47c41c88963cd41232b949466e2a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6187-034X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wei, Li-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chan-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Chu-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pen, Chun-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Li-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yu-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carey, James R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Hao-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shan-Shue</creatorcontrib><title>Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to <5 CFU/mL and the chlorite concentration was less than 0.0004 mg/L, meeting legal standards of Taiwan, the USA, and China. In addition to the application of ACD in dental chairs, it may also be used in closed water systems for food, cosmetics, beverages, and other industries.</description><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Chlorine dioxide</subject><subject>Clinics</subject><subject>Cosmetics</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Disinfection & disinfectants</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Odors</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxidation-reduction potential</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Water purification</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkEtLxDAUhYMoOIyz8B8EXLmo5nGbJsvS8QUDbhxchjRNNUNtxqRF_fdGRsS7uRfuxzmHg9A5JVecK3L9QTnjHIAdoQUjFS8AgB7_u0_RKqUdyQNKypIsUL32yY-9s5MPIw49XrtxMgNuXo2P-NlMLuJtJl5w_T67MKf8GUL0o8NrHz59587QSW-G5Fa_e4m2tzdPzX2xebx7aOpNYZliU2EYr2RZKcH6UtCKdp0kklal7R1tpWiVcBYqC9RKqQS3HVDGWatAgRCOGb5EFwfdfQw5Spr0LsxxzJaaiSwFBITK1OWBsjGkFF2v99G_mfilKdE_Jem_kvg3llxWWw</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Wei, Li-Lin</creator><creator>Hu, Chan-Chih</creator><creator>Hsu, Chu-Wei</creator><creator>Pen, Chun-Wei</creator><creator>Chen, Li-Yu</creator><creator>Yu, Yu-Chun</creator><creator>Carey, James R.</creator><creator>Yin, Hao-Chang</creator><creator>Wang, Shan-Shue</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-034X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide</title><author>Wei, Li-Lin ; Hu, Chan-Chih ; Hsu, Chu-Wei ; Pen, Chun-Wei ; Chen, Li-Yu ; Yu, Yu-Chun ; Carey, James R. ; Yin, Hao-Chang ; Wang, Shan-Shue</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c292t-a237857962f56171dd808175cfe1b86b96ec47c41c88963cd41232b949466e2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Beverages</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>Chlorine dioxide</topic><topic>Clinics</topic><topic>Cosmetics</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Disinfection & disinfectants</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Odors</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Oxidation-reduction potential</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wei, Li-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chan-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Chu-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pen, Chun-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Li-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yu-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carey, James R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Hao-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shan-Shue</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wei, Li-Lin</au><au>Hu, Chan-Chih</au><au>Hsu, Chu-Wei</au><au>Pen, Chun-Wei</au><au>Chen, Li-Yu</au><au>Yu, Yu-Chun</au><au>Carey, James R.</au><au>Yin, Hao-Chang</au><au>Wang, Shan-Shue</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>3442</spage><pages>3442-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to <5 CFU/mL and the chlorite concentration was less than 0.0004 mg/L, meeting legal standards of Taiwan, the USA, and China. In addition to the application of ACD in dental chairs, it may also be used in closed water systems for food, cosmetics, beverages, and other industries.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w13233442</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-034X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aqueous solutions Bacteria Beverages Biofilms Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Clinics Cosmetics Dental materials Disinfection Disinfection & disinfectants Dosage Infections Odors Oxidation Oxidation-reduction potential Sensors Sodium Water purification Water quality Water supply |
| title | Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide |
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