Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model
•A novel Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) for nonlinear static analysis of confined masonry structures.•Validation of ETM through results of experimental studies.•Application of ETM for seismic evaluation of a 3-storey confined masonry building in India.•A comparison of force-based and performance-based...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Engineering structures 2021-12, Vol.248, p.113114, Article 113114 |
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| creator | Rankawat, Nikita Brzev, Svetlana Jain, Sudhir K. Pérez Gavilán, Juan José |
| description | •A novel Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) for nonlinear static analysis of confined masonry structures.•Validation of ETM through results of experimental studies.•Application of ETM for seismic evaluation of a 3-storey confined masonry building in India.•A comparison of force-based and performance-based seismic design approaches.•Seismic evaluation based on the Performance Based Design approach confirmed a signifcant safety margin for a design developed based on the force-based approach.
Modern Performance-Based Design (PBD) approach for seismic analysis of building structures is based on the evaluation of nonlinear response to earthquake-induced demand and assessment of performance based on the lateral displacements/drifts. One of the key challenges associated with the application of PBD for seismic evaluation of confined masonry (CM) structures is the development of an adequate numerical model for simulating nonlinear response at different seismic demands. In this paper, an Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) has been proposed for nonlinear analysis of CM structures. The model is based on a truss analogy concept, where a CM wall is idealized as a truss consisting of pin-ended elements. A masonry panel is modelled as a compression element (strut), while horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete (RC) confining elements are modelled either as struts or tension elements (ties). ETM is essentially a macro-model that simulates nonlinear behaviour of a CM wall through lumped nonlinearity of masonry struts, while RC confining elements show linear elastic behaviour. The proposed model has been validated using the results of experimental studies on CM walls subjected to in-plane reversed cyclic loading. The paper also presents a case study, in which ETM was applied for seismic evaluation of an existing three-storey CM apartment building located in an area of moderate seismic hazard in India using nonlinear static analysis. The damage states for PBD were established based on past research studies on CM structures. A comparison of the results of conventional force-based design and PBD analyses showed that ETM can be used in conjunction with the PBD approach to evaluate existing CM buildings and also optimize design solutions for new buildings, which were developed using a conventional, force-based seismic design approach. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113114 |
| format | Article |
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Modern Performance-Based Design (PBD) approach for seismic analysis of building structures is based on the evaluation of nonlinear response to earthquake-induced demand and assessment of performance based on the lateral displacements/drifts. One of the key challenges associated with the application of PBD for seismic evaluation of confined masonry (CM) structures is the development of an adequate numerical model for simulating nonlinear response at different seismic demands. In this paper, an Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) has been proposed for nonlinear analysis of CM structures. The model is based on a truss analogy concept, where a CM wall is idealized as a truss consisting of pin-ended elements. A masonry panel is modelled as a compression element (strut), while horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete (RC) confining elements are modelled either as struts or tension elements (ties). ETM is essentially a macro-model that simulates nonlinear behaviour of a CM wall through lumped nonlinearity of masonry struts, while RC confining elements show linear elastic behaviour. The proposed model has been validated using the results of experimental studies on CM walls subjected to in-plane reversed cyclic loading. The paper also presents a case study, in which ETM was applied for seismic evaluation of an existing three-storey CM apartment building located in an area of moderate seismic hazard in India using nonlinear static analysis. The damage states for PBD were established based on past research studies on CM structures. A comparison of the results of conventional force-based design and PBD analyses showed that ETM can be used in conjunction with the PBD approach to evaluate existing CM buildings and also optimize design solutions for new buildings, which were developed using a conventional, force-based seismic design approach.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0141-0296</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7323</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113114</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Apartment buildings ; Compression ; Confined masonry ; Confining ; Cyclic loads ; Design ; Design analysis ; Design optimization ; Earthquake damage ; Earthquakes ; Elasticity ; Equivalence ; Equivalent truss model ; Evaluation ; Geological hazards ; Lateral displacement ; Masonry ; Mathematical models ; Nonlinear analysis ; Nonlinear response ; Nonlinear static analysis ; Nonlinear systems ; Nonlinearity ; Numerical models ; Performance-based design ; Reinforced concrete ; Seismic activity ; Seismic analysis ; Seismic design ; Seismic evaluation ; Seismic hazard ; Seismic response ; Shear-dominant failure mechanism ; Strut-and-tie model ; Struts ; Trusses</subject><ispartof>Engineering structures, 2021-12, Vol.248, p.113114, Article 113114</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 1, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-a3cf4ed9ddb5f96b4b1ecf451c5179f72a211a33b0ebeeaf9289bf661857aa853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-a3cf4ed9ddb5f96b4b1ecf451c5179f72a211a33b0ebeeaf9289bf661857aa853</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6174-6859</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113114$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rankawat, Nikita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brzev, Svetlana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, Sudhir K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez Gavilán, Juan José</creatorcontrib><title>Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model</title><title>Engineering structures</title><description>•A novel Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) for nonlinear static analysis of confined masonry structures.•Validation of ETM through results of experimental studies.•Application of ETM for seismic evaluation of a 3-storey confined masonry building in India.•A comparison of force-based and performance-based seismic design approaches.•Seismic evaluation based on the Performance Based Design approach confirmed a signifcant safety margin for a design developed based on the force-based approach.
Modern Performance-Based Design (PBD) approach for seismic analysis of building structures is based on the evaluation of nonlinear response to earthquake-induced demand and assessment of performance based on the lateral displacements/drifts. One of the key challenges associated with the application of PBD for seismic evaluation of confined masonry (CM) structures is the development of an adequate numerical model for simulating nonlinear response at different seismic demands. In this paper, an Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) has been proposed for nonlinear analysis of CM structures. The model is based on a truss analogy concept, where a CM wall is idealized as a truss consisting of pin-ended elements. A masonry panel is modelled as a compression element (strut), while horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete (RC) confining elements are modelled either as struts or tension elements (ties). ETM is essentially a macro-model that simulates nonlinear behaviour of a CM wall through lumped nonlinearity of masonry struts, while RC confining elements show linear elastic behaviour. The proposed model has been validated using the results of experimental studies on CM walls subjected to in-plane reversed cyclic loading. The paper also presents a case study, in which ETM was applied for seismic evaluation of an existing three-storey CM apartment building located in an area of moderate seismic hazard in India using nonlinear static analysis. The damage states for PBD were established based on past research studies on CM structures. A comparison of the results of conventional force-based design and PBD analyses showed that ETM can be used in conjunction with the PBD approach to evaluate existing CM buildings and also optimize design solutions for new buildings, which were developed using a conventional, force-based seismic design approach.</description><subject>Apartment buildings</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Confined masonry</subject><subject>Confining</subject><subject>Cyclic loads</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Design analysis</subject><subject>Design optimization</subject><subject>Earthquake damage</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Elasticity</subject><subject>Equivalence</subject><subject>Equivalent truss model</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Geological hazards</subject><subject>Lateral displacement</subject><subject>Masonry</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Nonlinear analysis</subject><subject>Nonlinear response</subject><subject>Nonlinear static analysis</subject><subject>Nonlinear systems</subject><subject>Nonlinearity</subject><subject>Numerical models</subject><subject>Performance-based design</subject><subject>Reinforced concrete</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Seismic analysis</subject><subject>Seismic design</subject><subject>Seismic evaluation</subject><subject>Seismic hazard</subject><subject>Seismic response</subject><subject>Shear-dominant failure mechanism</subject><subject>Strut-and-tie model</subject><subject>Struts</subject><subject>Trusses</subject><issn>0141-0296</issn><issn>1873-7323</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEQx4MoWKufwYDnrZlkn8dSfEHRi4K3kM1OSpY2aZPdQr-9KStePQ3M_B_Mj5B7YAtgUD72C3SbOIRRDwvOOCwABEB-QWZQVyKrBBeXZMYgh4zxprwmNzH2jDFe12xGvt-921qHKtCINu6spnhU21EN1jvqDdXemXTv6E5F78KJTlVjwEjHaN2G4mG0yYJuoOkUI935Dre35MqobcS73zknX89Pn6vXbP3x8rZarjMtcjFkSmiTY9d0XVuYpmzzFjBtCtAFVI2puOIASoiWYYuoTMPrpjVlCXVRKVUXYk4eptx98IcR4yB7PwaXKiUvWSFYznmTVNWk0sHHGNDIfbA7FU4SmDxjlL38wyjPGOWEMTmXkxPTE0eLQUZt0WnsbMCk7bz9N-MHSLeCnw</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Rankawat, Nikita</creator><creator>Brzev, Svetlana</creator><creator>Jain, Sudhir K.</creator><creator>Pérez Gavilán, Juan José</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-6859</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model</title><author>Rankawat, Nikita ; Brzev, Svetlana ; Jain, Sudhir K. ; Pérez Gavilán, Juan José</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-a3cf4ed9ddb5f96b4b1ecf451c5179f72a211a33b0ebeeaf9289bf661857aa853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Apartment buildings</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Confined masonry</topic><topic>Confining</topic><topic>Cyclic loads</topic><topic>Design</topic><topic>Design analysis</topic><topic>Design optimization</topic><topic>Earthquake damage</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Elasticity</topic><topic>Equivalence</topic><topic>Equivalent truss model</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Geological hazards</topic><topic>Lateral displacement</topic><topic>Masonry</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Nonlinear analysis</topic><topic>Nonlinear response</topic><topic>Nonlinear static analysis</topic><topic>Nonlinear systems</topic><topic>Nonlinearity</topic><topic>Numerical models</topic><topic>Performance-based design</topic><topic>Reinforced concrete</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Seismic analysis</topic><topic>Seismic design</topic><topic>Seismic evaluation</topic><topic>Seismic hazard</topic><topic>Seismic response</topic><topic>Shear-dominant failure mechanism</topic><topic>Strut-and-tie model</topic><topic>Struts</topic><topic>Trusses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rankawat, Nikita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brzev, Svetlana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, Sudhir K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez Gavilán, Juan José</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Engineering structures</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rankawat, Nikita</au><au>Brzev, Svetlana</au><au>Jain, Sudhir K.</au><au>Pérez Gavilán, Juan José</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model</atitle><jtitle>Engineering structures</jtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>248</volume><spage>113114</spage><pages>113114-</pages><artnum>113114</artnum><issn>0141-0296</issn><eissn>1873-7323</eissn><abstract>•A novel Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) for nonlinear static analysis of confined masonry structures.•Validation of ETM through results of experimental studies.•Application of ETM for seismic evaluation of a 3-storey confined masonry building in India.•A comparison of force-based and performance-based seismic design approaches.•Seismic evaluation based on the Performance Based Design approach confirmed a signifcant safety margin for a design developed based on the force-based approach.
Modern Performance-Based Design (PBD) approach for seismic analysis of building structures is based on the evaluation of nonlinear response to earthquake-induced demand and assessment of performance based on the lateral displacements/drifts. One of the key challenges associated with the application of PBD for seismic evaluation of confined masonry (CM) structures is the development of an adequate numerical model for simulating nonlinear response at different seismic demands. In this paper, an Equivalent Truss Model (ETM) has been proposed for nonlinear analysis of CM structures. The model is based on a truss analogy concept, where a CM wall is idealized as a truss consisting of pin-ended elements. A masonry panel is modelled as a compression element (strut), while horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete (RC) confining elements are modelled either as struts or tension elements (ties). ETM is essentially a macro-model that simulates nonlinear behaviour of a CM wall through lumped nonlinearity of masonry struts, while RC confining elements show linear elastic behaviour. The proposed model has been validated using the results of experimental studies on CM walls subjected to in-plane reversed cyclic loading. The paper also presents a case study, in which ETM was applied for seismic evaluation of an existing three-storey CM apartment building located in an area of moderate seismic hazard in India using nonlinear static analysis. The damage states for PBD were established based on past research studies on CM structures. A comparison of the results of conventional force-based design and PBD analyses showed that ETM can be used in conjunction with the PBD approach to evaluate existing CM buildings and also optimize design solutions for new buildings, which were developed using a conventional, force-based seismic design approach.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113114</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-6859</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Apartment buildings Compression Confined masonry Confining Cyclic loads Design Design analysis Design optimization Earthquake damage Earthquakes Elasticity Equivalence Equivalent truss model Evaluation Geological hazards Lateral displacement Masonry Mathematical models Nonlinear analysis Nonlinear response Nonlinear static analysis Nonlinear systems Nonlinearity Numerical models Performance-based design Reinforced concrete Seismic activity Seismic analysis Seismic design Seismic evaluation Seismic hazard Seismic response Shear-dominant failure mechanism Strut-and-tie model Struts Trusses |
| title | Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model |
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