High-temperature-tolerable superconducting Nb-alloy and its application to Pb- and Cd-free superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb3Sn wires
For more than 30 years, Pb–Bi alloy and Wood's metal (50% Bi, 26.7% Pb, 13.3% Sn, and 10% Cd) have been used as representative superconducting solder intermedia to establish superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb 3 Sn wires in high-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems. However, t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials science 2021-12, Vol.56 (36), p.20197-20207 |
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| creator | Banno, Nobuya Kobayashi, Kensuke Uchida, Akira Kitaguchi, Hitoshi |
| description | For more than 30 years, Pb–Bi alloy and Wood's metal (50% Bi, 26.7% Pb, 13.3% Sn, and 10% Cd) have been used as representative superconducting solder intermedia to establish superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires in high-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems. However, the use of Pb and Cd has been severely restricted by environmental regulations, such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Herein, a novel method of forming a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires without Pb and Cd has been proposed. This approach is based on metallurgical bonding processes using a superconducting Nb-alloy intermedium, whose fine microstructure is maintained even after exposure to temperatures higher than 650 °C. Further, fine crystal defects become sources of magnetic flux pinning centers. Among transition elements close to Nb, Hf is considered the most suitable additive for realizing high-temperature-tolerable (HTT) superconducting Nb-alloy intermedia. Utilizing the HTT characteristic of Nb–Hf, a superconducting joint between Nb
3
Sn filaments and one end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was created by forming a superconducting Nb
3
Sn layer at the interface through a chemical reaction. The other end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was cold-pressed with NbTi filaments, to connect their active new surfaces to each other in order to create a superconducting joint. Ultimately, a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires was realized with a high critical magnetic field (
B
c
2
) of more than 1 T. The formation of the superconducting joint was confirmed by current decay measurements. This method of forming a superconducting joint is promising for application in environmentally friendly nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10853-021-06585-8 |
| format | Article |
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3
Sn wires in high-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems. However, the use of Pb and Cd has been severely restricted by environmental regulations, such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Herein, a novel method of forming a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires without Pb and Cd has been proposed. This approach is based on metallurgical bonding processes using a superconducting Nb-alloy intermedium, whose fine microstructure is maintained even after exposure to temperatures higher than 650 °C. Further, fine crystal defects become sources of magnetic flux pinning centers. Among transition elements close to Nb, Hf is considered the most suitable additive for realizing high-temperature-tolerable (HTT) superconducting Nb-alloy intermedia. Utilizing the HTT characteristic of Nb–Hf, a superconducting joint between Nb
3
Sn filaments and one end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was created by forming a superconducting Nb
3
Sn layer at the interface through a chemical reaction. The other end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was cold-pressed with NbTi filaments, to connect their active new surfaces to each other in order to create a superconducting joint. Ultimately, a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires was realized with a high critical magnetic field (
B
c
2
) of more than 1 T. The formation of the superconducting joint was confirmed by current decay measurements. This method of forming a superconducting joint is promising for application in environmentally friendly nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2461</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-4803</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06585-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Bismuth ; Cadmium ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical reactions ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Classical Mechanics ; Crystal defects ; Crystallography and Scattering Methods ; Filaments ; Flux pinning ; Hafnium ; Hazardous materials ; High temperature ; Lead base alloys ; Magnetic flux ; Materials Science ; Metallurgy ; Metals & Corrosion ; Niobium base alloys ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Polymer Sciences ; Solid Mechanics ; Superconductivity ; Tin ; Wood's metal</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science, 2021-12, Vol.56 (36), p.20197-20207</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-b722cbf823117ff0f017f483a77c5587945a2ec46f3e0294c3698a2c656e397e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-b722cbf823117ff0f017f483a77c5587945a2ec46f3e0294c3698a2c656e397e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7141-541X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-021-06585-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10853-021-06585-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Banno, Nobuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobayashi, Kensuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitaguchi, Hitoshi</creatorcontrib><title>High-temperature-tolerable superconducting Nb-alloy and its application to Pb- and Cd-free superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb3Sn wires</title><title>Journal of materials science</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci</addtitle><description>For more than 30 years, Pb–Bi alloy and Wood's metal (50% Bi, 26.7% Pb, 13.3% Sn, and 10% Cd) have been used as representative superconducting solder intermedia to establish superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires in high-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems. However, the use of Pb and Cd has been severely restricted by environmental regulations, such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Herein, a novel method of forming a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires without Pb and Cd has been proposed. This approach is based on metallurgical bonding processes using a superconducting Nb-alloy intermedium, whose fine microstructure is maintained even after exposure to temperatures higher than 650 °C. Further, fine crystal defects become sources of magnetic flux pinning centers. Among transition elements close to Nb, Hf is considered the most suitable additive for realizing high-temperature-tolerable (HTT) superconducting Nb-alloy intermedia. Utilizing the HTT characteristic of Nb–Hf, a superconducting joint between Nb
3
Sn filaments and one end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was created by forming a superconducting Nb
3
Sn layer at the interface through a chemical reaction. The other end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was cold-pressed with NbTi filaments, to connect their active new surfaces to each other in order to create a superconducting joint. Ultimately, a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires was realized with a high critical magnetic field (
B
c
2
) of more than 1 T. The formation of the superconducting joint was confirmed by current decay measurements. This method of forming a superconducting joint is promising for application in environmentally friendly nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Bismuth</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</subject><subject>Filaments</subject><subject>Flux pinning</subject><subject>Hafnium</subject><subject>Hazardous materials</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Lead base alloys</subject><subject>Magnetic flux</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metallurgy</subject><subject>Metals & Corrosion</subject><subject>Niobium base alloys</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><subject>Superconductivity</subject><subject>Tin</subject><subject>Wood's metal</subject><issn>0022-2461</issn><issn>1573-4803</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFrGzEQhUVooE6aP9DTQs9qRtJqJR-LaeuASQJNzkIrz7oya2kraQn5E_nNUexCD4Ge3jDzvjfwCPnM4CsDUNeZgZaCAmcUOqkl1WdkwaQStNUgPpAFAOeUtx37SC5y3gOAVJwtyMva737TgocJky1zQlriWMd-xCbPdeli2M6u-LBrbntqxzE-NzZsG19yY6dp9M4WH0NTYnPf0-NptaVDwvf8PvpQqR7LE2KocQ_-6L_txa_QPPmE-RM5H-yY8eqvXpLHH98fVmu6uft5s_q2oU50otBece76QXPBmBoGGKBKq4VVykmp1bKVlqNru0Eg8GVbqaW23HWyQ7FUKC7Jl1PulOKfGXMx-zinUF8a3oEQLdPQVRc_uVyKOScczJT8waZnw8C89W5OvZvauzn2bnSFxAnK1Rx2mP5F_4d6Bdn5hug</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Banno, Nobuya</creator><creator>Kobayashi, Kensuke</creator><creator>Uchida, Akira</creator><creator>Kitaguchi, Hitoshi</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-541X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>High-temperature-tolerable superconducting Nb-alloy and its application to Pb- and Cd-free superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb3Sn wires</title><author>Banno, Nobuya ; Kobayashi, Kensuke ; Uchida, Akira ; Kitaguchi, Hitoshi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-b722cbf823117ff0f017f483a77c5587945a2ec46f3e0294c3698a2c656e397e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Bismuth</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Crystal defects</topic><topic>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</topic><topic>Filaments</topic><topic>Flux pinning</topic><topic>Hafnium</topic><topic>Hazardous materials</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Lead base alloys</topic><topic>Magnetic flux</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Metallurgy</topic><topic>Metals & Corrosion</topic><topic>Niobium base alloys</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><topic>Superconductivity</topic><topic>Tin</topic><topic>Wood's metal</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Banno, Nobuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobayashi, Kensuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitaguchi, Hitoshi</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Banno, Nobuya</au><au>Kobayashi, Kensuke</au><au>Uchida, Akira</au><au>Kitaguchi, Hitoshi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>High-temperature-tolerable superconducting Nb-alloy and its application to Pb- and Cd-free superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb3Sn wires</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci</stitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>36</issue><spage>20197</spage><epage>20207</epage><pages>20197-20207</pages><issn>0022-2461</issn><eissn>1573-4803</eissn><abstract>For more than 30 years, Pb–Bi alloy and Wood's metal (50% Bi, 26.7% Pb, 13.3% Sn, and 10% Cd) have been used as representative superconducting solder intermedia to establish superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires in high-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems. However, the use of Pb and Cd has been severely restricted by environmental regulations, such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Herein, a novel method of forming a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires without Pb and Cd has been proposed. This approach is based on metallurgical bonding processes using a superconducting Nb-alloy intermedium, whose fine microstructure is maintained even after exposure to temperatures higher than 650 °C. Further, fine crystal defects become sources of magnetic flux pinning centers. Among transition elements close to Nb, Hf is considered the most suitable additive for realizing high-temperature-tolerable (HTT) superconducting Nb-alloy intermedia. Utilizing the HTT characteristic of Nb–Hf, a superconducting joint between Nb
3
Sn filaments and one end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was created by forming a superconducting Nb
3
Sn layer at the interface through a chemical reaction. The other end of the Nb–Hf alloy core was cold-pressed with NbTi filaments, to connect their active new surfaces to each other in order to create a superconducting joint. Ultimately, a superconducting joint between NbTi and Nb
3
Sn wires was realized with a high critical magnetic field (
B
c
2
) of more than 1 T. The formation of the superconducting joint was confirmed by current decay measurements. This method of forming a superconducting joint is promising for application in environmentally friendly nuclear magnetic resonance magnet systems.
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| subjects | Bismuth Cadmium Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical reactions Chemistry and Materials Science Classical Mechanics Crystal defects Crystallography and Scattering Methods Filaments Flux pinning Hafnium Hazardous materials High temperature Lead base alloys Magnetic flux Materials Science Metallurgy Metals & Corrosion Niobium base alloys NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Polymer Sciences Solid Mechanics Superconductivity Tin Wood's metal |
| title | High-temperature-tolerable superconducting Nb-alloy and its application to Pb- and Cd-free superconducting joints between NbTi and Nb3Sn wires |
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