Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.13 (22), p.4714, Article 4714 |
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| description | The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30 & DEG;S-30 & DEG;N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90 & DEG;/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10-20 & DEG;N and 5-15 & DEG;S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. This and other similar features, such as the seasonal variation, eastward speed, and the symmetrical locations, support the dominant role of the DE3 tide for the formation of the WN4 structure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/rs13224714 |
| format | Article |
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The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30 & DEG;S-30 & DEG;N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90 & DEG;/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10-20 & DEG;N and 5-15 & DEG;S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. This and other similar features, such as the seasonal variation, eastward speed, and the symmetrical locations, support the dominant role of the DE3 tide for the formation of the WN4 structure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-4292</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-4292</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/rs13224714</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Altitude ; Constellations ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Equinoxes ; Geology ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology ; Ionosphere ; Latitude ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; longitudinal structure ; Meteorology ; non-migrating tide ; Northern Hemisphere ; Physical Sciences ; Remote Sensing ; Satellites ; Science & Technology ; Seasonal variations ; Solstices ; Southern Hemisphere ; sporadic E ; Technology ; Wavelengths ; wavenumber-4 (WN4) ; Wind shear</subject><ispartof>Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.13 (22), p.4714, Article 4714</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30 & DEG;S-30 & DEG;N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90 & DEG;/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10-20 & DEG;N and 5-15 & DEG;S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. 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Qingfeng</au><au>Fang, Hanxian</au><au>Gao, Ze</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes</atitle><jtitle>Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><stitle>REMOTE SENS-BASEL</stitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>4714</spage><pages>4714-</pages><artnum>4714</artnum><issn>2072-4292</issn><eissn>2072-4292</eissn><abstract>The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30 & DEG;S-30 & DEG;N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90 & DEG;/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10-20 & DEG;N and 5-15 & DEG;S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. This and other similar features, such as the seasonal variation, eastward speed, and the symmetrical locations, support the dominant role of the DE3 tide for the formation of the WN4 structure.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><doi>10.3390/rs13224714</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-2293</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3700-9781</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Altitude Constellations Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Equinoxes Geology Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Ionosphere Latitude Life Sciences & Biomedicine longitudinal structure Meteorology non-migrating tide Northern Hemisphere Physical Sciences Remote Sensing Satellites Science & Technology Seasonal variations Solstices Southern Hemisphere sporadic E Technology Wavelengths wavenumber-4 (WN4) Wind shear |
| title | Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes |
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