The relationship between soil and household dust metals and the impact on olfaction in children
Background Through this study we aimed to test the association between the exposure to metals measured in soil, outdoor and indoor dust and olfactory function among children living close to ferromanganese alloy plants. Moreover, we investigated how metal concentrations vary with the distance from th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of public health 2021-10, Vol.31 (Supplement_3) |
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| creator | Renzetti, S Placidi, D Borgese, L Cagna, G Conversano, M Patrono, A Peli, M Ranzi, R van Thriel, C Lucchini, RG |
| description | Background
Through this study we aimed to test the association between the exposure to metals measured in soil, outdoor and indoor dust and olfactory function among children living close to ferromanganese alloy plants. Moreover, we investigated how metal concentrations vary with the distance from the plants and the relationships among the different environmental media.
Methods
A total of 130 children between 6 and 13 years old were enrolled in the province of Brescia in Italy. The olfactory performance was assessed through the Sniffin' Sticks test. The concentration of 20 metals in dust and soil samples was determined through an X-ray fluorescence portable analyzer (p-XRF). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to test for the association between the multi-media environmental markers (MMEM) and olfactory function while restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between metal concentrations and distance from the closest plant and deviation from the main wind direction.
Results
WQS regression showed a negative significant association between the MMEM and the Sniffin' Sticks score (beta=-0.028; 95%CI -0.047, -0.009) identifying As, Fe, Rb, Pd, K and Pb as the elements with the higher weights. Except Rb, all elements together with Mn (one of the main elements released by the plants), showed a decreasing trend for soil and outdoor dust concentration at increasing distance from the source or at increasing deviation from the main wind direction. A positive association between outdoor and indoor dust and between soil and outdoor dust was also observed.
Conclusions
This work highlights the risk of the exposure to metal mixtures on child olfactory function which is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in older age. Moreover, this analysis can contribute in terms of public health policies assessing the risk of being exposed as a function of the distance from the plants and the deviation from the main wind direction.
Key messages
Metal mixture concentration in dust is associated with decreased smell identification ability.
Indoor metal concentrations can be affected by external source of exposure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.556 |
| format | Article |
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Through this study we aimed to test the association between the exposure to metals measured in soil, outdoor and indoor dust and olfactory function among children living close to ferromanganese alloy plants. Moreover, we investigated how metal concentrations vary with the distance from the plants and the relationships among the different environmental media.
Methods
A total of 130 children between 6 and 13 years old were enrolled in the province of Brescia in Italy. The olfactory performance was assessed through the Sniffin' Sticks test. The concentration of 20 metals in dust and soil samples was determined through an X-ray fluorescence portable analyzer (p-XRF). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to test for the association between the multi-media environmental markers (MMEM) and olfactory function while restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between metal concentrations and distance from the closest plant and deviation from the main wind direction.
Results
WQS regression showed a negative significant association between the MMEM and the Sniffin' Sticks score (beta=-0.028; 95%CI -0.047, -0.009) identifying As, Fe, Rb, Pd, K and Pb as the elements with the higher weights. Except Rb, all elements together with Mn (one of the main elements released by the plants), showed a decreasing trend for soil and outdoor dust concentration at increasing distance from the source or at increasing deviation from the main wind direction. A positive association between outdoor and indoor dust and between soil and outdoor dust was also observed.
Conclusions
This work highlights the risk of the exposure to metal mixtures on child olfactory function which is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in older age. Moreover, this analysis can contribute in terms of public health policies assessing the risk of being exposed as a function of the distance from the plants and the deviation from the main wind direction.
Key messages
Metal mixture concentration in dust is associated with decreased smell identification ability.
Indoor metal concentrations can be affected by external source of exposure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1101-1262</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-360X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.556</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Children ; Deviation ; Dust ; Exposure ; Ferromanganese ; Health policy ; Indoor air pollution ; Manganese ; Mass media ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Multimedia ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Olfaction ; Palladium ; Public health ; Risk assessment ; Smell ; Soils ; Spline functions ; Wind ; Wind direction ; X-ray fluorescence</subject><ispartof>European journal of public health, 2021-10, Vol.31 (Supplement_3)</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1599,27847,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.556$$EView_record_in_Oxford_University_Press$$FView_record_in_$$GOxford_University_Press</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Renzetti, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Placidi, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgese, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cagna, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conversano, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patrono, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peli, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ranzi, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Thriel, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucchini, RG</creatorcontrib><title>The relationship between soil and household dust metals and the impact on olfaction in children</title><title>European journal of public health</title><description>Background
Through this study we aimed to test the association between the exposure to metals measured in soil, outdoor and indoor dust and olfactory function among children living close to ferromanganese alloy plants. Moreover, we investigated how metal concentrations vary with the distance from the plants and the relationships among the different environmental media.
Methods
A total of 130 children between 6 and 13 years old were enrolled in the province of Brescia in Italy. The olfactory performance was assessed through the Sniffin' Sticks test. The concentration of 20 metals in dust and soil samples was determined through an X-ray fluorescence portable analyzer (p-XRF). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to test for the association between the multi-media environmental markers (MMEM) and olfactory function while restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between metal concentrations and distance from the closest plant and deviation from the main wind direction.
Results
WQS regression showed a negative significant association between the MMEM and the Sniffin' Sticks score (beta=-0.028; 95%CI -0.047, -0.009) identifying As, Fe, Rb, Pd, K and Pb as the elements with the higher weights. Except Rb, all elements together with Mn (one of the main elements released by the plants), showed a decreasing trend for soil and outdoor dust concentration at increasing distance from the source or at increasing deviation from the main wind direction. A positive association between outdoor and indoor dust and between soil and outdoor dust was also observed.
Conclusions
This work highlights the risk of the exposure to metal mixtures on child olfactory function which is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in older age. Moreover, this analysis can contribute in terms of public health policies assessing the risk of being exposed as a function of the distance from the plants and the deviation from the main wind direction.
Key messages
Metal mixture concentration in dust is associated with decreased smell identification ability.
Indoor metal concentrations can be affected by external source of exposure.</description><subject>Children</subject><subject>Deviation</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Ferromanganese</subject><subject>Health policy</subject><subject>Indoor air pollution</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mass media</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Multimedia</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Olfaction</subject><subject>Palladium</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Smell</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spline functions</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind direction</subject><subject>X-ray fluorescence</subject><issn>1101-1262</issn><issn>1464-360X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkMtKAzEUhoMoWKsv4Crgetokk2SapRRvUHBTwV3IlZk6nYxJBvHtjU4fwNX54Xz_OfABcIvRCiNRr90Ux0mvzYfSmLMVY_wMLDDltKo5ej8vGSNcYcLJJbhK6YAQYs2GLIDctw5G16vchSG13Qi1y1_ODTCFrodqsLANU3Jt6C20U8rw6LLq098ml253HJXJMAww9L6kcgZ2AzRt19vohmtw4Qvubk5zCd4eH_bb52r3-vSyvd9VBrOaV9gbsyGYEW4FU0w1FinqLa03tbGeGCu04Iwo4pXQGjkkdMM5p45ooQ319RLczXfHGD4nl7I8hCkO5aUkTDSE1YLSQpGZMjGkFJ2XY-yOKn5LjOSvSDmLlCeRsogspWouhWn8D_8DRRB6Hg</recordid><startdate>20211020</startdate><enddate>20211020</enddate><creator>Renzetti, S</creator><creator>Placidi, D</creator><creator>Borgese, L</creator><creator>Cagna, G</creator><creator>Conversano, M</creator><creator>Patrono, A</creator><creator>Peli, M</creator><creator>Ranzi, R</creator><creator>van Thriel, C</creator><creator>Lucchini, RG</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211020</creationdate><title>The relationship between soil and household dust metals and the impact on olfaction in children</title><author>Renzetti, S ; Placidi, D ; Borgese, L ; Cagna, G ; Conversano, M ; Patrono, A ; Peli, M ; Ranzi, R ; van Thriel, C ; Lucchini, RG</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1536-1fcc821526d95a5a7d0a4fd4383cdf2cd9b9652a2fa9bb0e09b76664e2b9bc4f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Children</topic><topic>Deviation</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Ferromanganese</topic><topic>Health policy</topic><topic>Indoor air pollution</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Mass media</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Multimedia</topic><topic>Neurodegenerative diseases</topic><topic>Olfaction</topic><topic>Palladium</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Smell</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spline functions</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Wind direction</topic><topic>X-ray fluorescence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Renzetti, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Placidi, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgese, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cagna, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conversano, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patrono, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peli, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ranzi, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Thriel, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucchini, RG</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><jtitle>European journal of public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Renzetti, S</au><au>Placidi, D</au><au>Borgese, L</au><au>Cagna, G</au><au>Conversano, M</au><au>Patrono, A</au><au>Peli, M</au><au>Ranzi, R</au><au>van Thriel, C</au><au>Lucchini, RG</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The relationship between soil and household dust metals and the impact on olfaction in children</atitle><jtitle>European journal of public health</jtitle><date>2021-10-20</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>Supplement_3</issue><issn>1101-1262</issn><eissn>1464-360X</eissn><abstract>Background
Through this study we aimed to test the association between the exposure to metals measured in soil, outdoor and indoor dust and olfactory function among children living close to ferromanganese alloy plants. Moreover, we investigated how metal concentrations vary with the distance from the plants and the relationships among the different environmental media.
Methods
A total of 130 children between 6 and 13 years old were enrolled in the province of Brescia in Italy. The olfactory performance was assessed through the Sniffin' Sticks test. The concentration of 20 metals in dust and soil samples was determined through an X-ray fluorescence portable analyzer (p-XRF). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to test for the association between the multi-media environmental markers (MMEM) and olfactory function while restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between metal concentrations and distance from the closest plant and deviation from the main wind direction.
Results
WQS regression showed a negative significant association between the MMEM and the Sniffin' Sticks score (beta=-0.028; 95%CI -0.047, -0.009) identifying As, Fe, Rb, Pd, K and Pb as the elements with the higher weights. Except Rb, all elements together with Mn (one of the main elements released by the plants), showed a decreasing trend for soil and outdoor dust concentration at increasing distance from the source or at increasing deviation from the main wind direction. A positive association between outdoor and indoor dust and between soil and outdoor dust was also observed.
Conclusions
This work highlights the risk of the exposure to metal mixtures on child olfactory function which is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in older age. Moreover, this analysis can contribute in terms of public health policies assessing the risk of being exposed as a function of the distance from the plants and the deviation from the main wind direction.
Key messages
Metal mixture concentration in dust is associated with decreased smell identification ability.
Indoor metal concentrations can be affected by external source of exposure.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.556</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Children Deviation Dust Exposure Ferromanganese Health policy Indoor air pollution Manganese Mass media Metal concentrations Metals Multimedia Neurodegenerative diseases Olfaction Palladium Public health Risk assessment Smell Soils Spline functions Wind Wind direction X-ray fluorescence |
| title | The relationship between soil and household dust metals and the impact on olfaction in children |
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