Enhanced relatively low-temperature carbon monoxide sensing properties of cupric oxide/porous graphitic carbon nitride p–n heterojunction

[Display omitted] •CuO/g-C3N4 binary nanocomposites were synthesized and employed as CO sensitive layers.•Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4 the morphology was transformed into the flower-like structure.•The gas sensing properties of nanocomposite can be tuned by adjusting the amount of g-C3N4.•Cu...

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Veröffentlicht in:Sensors and actuators. A. Physical. 2021-11, Vol.331, p.113004, Article 113004
Hauptverfasser: Nasresfahani, Sh, Javanmardi, S., Sheikhi, M.H., Khalilakbar, M.
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container_title Sensors and actuators. A. Physical.
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Javanmardi, S.
Sheikhi, M.H.
Khalilakbar, M.
description [Display omitted] •CuO/g-C3N4 binary nanocomposites were synthesized and employed as CO sensitive layers.•Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4 the morphology was transformed into the flower-like structure.•The gas sensing properties of nanocomposite can be tuned by adjusting the amount of g-C3N4.•CuO/8%g-C3N4 exhibits high response, wide detection range, fast speed and good selectivity.•g-C3N4 large specific surface area and p-n junction formation enhanced sensitivity at 150 °C. In the present study, heterojunctions of cupric oxide (CuO)/porous graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different g-C3N4 loading amounts were synthesized and employed as sensitive layers to study gas sensing response towards carbon monoxide (CO). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the successful formation of the heterojunction through the interaction between Cu and N atoms. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy offered insights into the morphology of these materials. At the low content of g-C3N4, CuO nanoparticles only decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets. Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4, the morphology was transformed into a flower-like structure with petals of g-C3N4 nanosheets connected well with CuO. Therefore, the porous structure of g-C3N4 nanosheets with a pore size distribution of 2–200 nm and a high specific surface area of 9.1 m2 g−1 is convenient for the growth of CuO nanoparticles. The sensor with an appropriate ratio of g-C3N4 (8%) exhibited good characteristics toward CO, including high response in a wide detection range, a rapid response/recovery process, and good repeatability at a relatively low operating temperature of 150 °C. Anchoring the CuO nanoparticles onto the large surface area of g-C3N4 nanosheets provides sufficient p-n heterojunction and active sites to adsorb reactants which significantly improves the sensing activity. Moreover, the intimate interface between the CuO nanoparticles and g-C3N4 promotes the charge transfer kinetics, which benefits the sensing performance. The present results open an avenue to synthesize various novel metal oxide semiconductor/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with intriguing characteristics for sensing applications.
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In the present study, heterojunctions of cupric oxide (CuO)/porous graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different g-C3N4 loading amounts were synthesized and employed as sensitive layers to study gas sensing response towards carbon monoxide (CO). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the successful formation of the heterojunction through the interaction between Cu and N atoms. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy offered insights into the morphology of these materials. At the low content of g-C3N4, CuO nanoparticles only decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets. Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4, the morphology was transformed into a flower-like structure with petals of g-C3N4 nanosheets connected well with CuO. Therefore, the porous structure of g-C3N4 nanosheets with a pore size distribution of 2–200 nm and a high specific surface area of 9.1 m2 g−1 is convenient for the growth of CuO nanoparticles. The sensor with an appropriate ratio of g-C3N4 (8%) exhibited good characteristics toward CO, including high response in a wide detection range, a rapid response/recovery process, and good repeatability at a relatively low operating temperature of 150 °C. Anchoring the CuO nanoparticles onto the large surface area of g-C3N4 nanosheets provides sufficient p-n heterojunction and active sites to adsorb reactants which significantly improves the sensing activity. Moreover, the intimate interface between the CuO nanoparticles and g-C3N4 promotes the charge transfer kinetics, which benefits the sensing performance. The present results open an avenue to synthesize various novel metal oxide semiconductor/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with intriguing characteristics for sensing applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0924-4247</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3069</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.113004</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Carbon ; Carbon monoxide ; Carbon nitride ; Charge transfer ; Chemical synthesis ; Copper oxides ; CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite ; Gas sensor ; Gas sensors ; Graphite ; Heterojunctions ; Low temperature ; Metal oxide semiconductors ; Morphology ; Nanoparticles ; Nanostructure ; Operating temperature ; p-n heterojunction ; P-n junctions ; Photoelectrons ; Pore size distribution ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Surface area</subject><ispartof>Sensors and actuators. A. 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A. Physical.</title><description>[Display omitted] •CuO/g-C3N4 binary nanocomposites were synthesized and employed as CO sensitive layers.•Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4 the morphology was transformed into the flower-like structure.•The gas sensing properties of nanocomposite can be tuned by adjusting the amount of g-C3N4.•CuO/8%g-C3N4 exhibits high response, wide detection range, fast speed and good selectivity.•g-C3N4 large specific surface area and p-n junction formation enhanced sensitivity at 150 °C. In the present study, heterojunctions of cupric oxide (CuO)/porous graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different g-C3N4 loading amounts were synthesized and employed as sensitive layers to study gas sensing response towards carbon monoxide (CO). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the successful formation of the heterojunction through the interaction between Cu and N atoms. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy offered insights into the morphology of these materials. At the low content of g-C3N4, CuO nanoparticles only decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets. Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4, the morphology was transformed into a flower-like structure with petals of g-C3N4 nanosheets connected well with CuO. Therefore, the porous structure of g-C3N4 nanosheets with a pore size distribution of 2–200 nm and a high specific surface area of 9.1 m2 g−1 is convenient for the growth of CuO nanoparticles. The sensor with an appropriate ratio of g-C3N4 (8%) exhibited good characteristics toward CO, including high response in a wide detection range, a rapid response/recovery process, and good repeatability at a relatively low operating temperature of 150 °C. Anchoring the CuO nanoparticles onto the large surface area of g-C3N4 nanosheets provides sufficient p-n heterojunction and active sites to adsorb reactants which significantly improves the sensing activity. Moreover, the intimate interface between the CuO nanoparticles and g-C3N4 promotes the charge transfer kinetics, which benefits the sensing performance. The present results open an avenue to synthesize various novel metal oxide semiconductor/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with intriguing characteristics for sensing applications.</description><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Carbon nitride</subject><subject>Charge transfer</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Copper oxides</subject><subject>CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite</subject><subject>Gas sensor</subject><subject>Gas sensors</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Heterojunctions</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Metal oxide semiconductors</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanostructure</subject><subject>Operating temperature</subject><subject>p-n heterojunction</subject><subject>P-n junctions</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Pore size distribution</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><issn>0924-4247</issn><issn>1873-3069</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEFv1DAQhS0EEkvLD-BmiXO2M3YSb8QJVYUiVeqFni3HmXQd7drBdgq99c6Rf8gvqcP2zGmk0Xtv5n2MfUDYImB7MW2TN1sBAreIEqB-xTa4U7KS0Hav2QY6UVe1qNVb9i6lCQCkVGrDfl_5vfGWBh7pYLJ7oMMjP4SfVabjTNHkJRK3JvbB82Pw4ZcbiCfyyfl7PsdQNNlR4mHkdpmjs_yf5GIOMSyJ30cz710u65cM73JcI-a_T38831OmGKbF2-yCP2dvRnNI9P5lnrG7L1ffL6-rm9uv3y4_31RWiiZXQ99gZ2tjh0FRr1CWutANBlsUtm8UdqKTKHddiyh6odQABhBGGAnGFht5xj6ecsv_PxZKWU9hib6c1KLpmrbFXbOq8KSyMaQUadSl3tHER42gV-Z60oW5XpnrE_Pi-XTyUHn_wVHUyTpa8bpINushuP-4nwFkW41u</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Nasresfahani, Sh</creator><creator>Javanmardi, S.</creator><creator>Sheikhi, M.H.</creator><creator>Khalilakbar, M.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-8177</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Enhanced relatively low-temperature carbon monoxide sensing properties of cupric oxide/porous graphitic carbon nitride p–n heterojunction</title><author>Nasresfahani, Sh ; Javanmardi, S. ; Sheikhi, M.H. ; Khalilakbar, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c325t-db519c4acdd7eb71330009da1612cb571929313896112b277d0a010f0fe0f6153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon monoxide</topic><topic>Carbon nitride</topic><topic>Charge transfer</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Copper oxides</topic><topic>CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite</topic><topic>Gas sensor</topic><topic>Gas sensors</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Heterojunctions</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Metal oxide semiconductors</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanostructure</topic><topic>Operating temperature</topic><topic>p-n heterojunction</topic><topic>P-n junctions</topic><topic>Photoelectrons</topic><topic>Pore size distribution</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Surface area</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nasresfahani, Sh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javanmardi, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheikhi, M.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalilakbar, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Sensors and actuators. A. Physical.</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nasresfahani, Sh</au><au>Javanmardi, S.</au><au>Sheikhi, M.H.</au><au>Khalilakbar, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enhanced relatively low-temperature carbon monoxide sensing properties of cupric oxide/porous graphitic carbon nitride p–n heterojunction</atitle><jtitle>Sensors and actuators. A. Physical.</jtitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>331</volume><spage>113004</spage><pages>113004-</pages><artnum>113004</artnum><issn>0924-4247</issn><eissn>1873-3069</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted] •CuO/g-C3N4 binary nanocomposites were synthesized and employed as CO sensitive layers.•Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4 the morphology was transformed into the flower-like structure.•The gas sensing properties of nanocomposite can be tuned by adjusting the amount of g-C3N4.•CuO/8%g-C3N4 exhibits high response, wide detection range, fast speed and good selectivity.•g-C3N4 large specific surface area and p-n junction formation enhanced sensitivity at 150 °C. In the present study, heterojunctions of cupric oxide (CuO)/porous graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different g-C3N4 loading amounts were synthesized and employed as sensitive layers to study gas sensing response towards carbon monoxide (CO). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the successful formation of the heterojunction through the interaction between Cu and N atoms. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy offered insights into the morphology of these materials. At the low content of g-C3N4, CuO nanoparticles only decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets. Upon increasing the amount of g-C3N4, the morphology was transformed into a flower-like structure with petals of g-C3N4 nanosheets connected well with CuO. Therefore, the porous structure of g-C3N4 nanosheets with a pore size distribution of 2–200 nm and a high specific surface area of 9.1 m2 g−1 is convenient for the growth of CuO nanoparticles. The sensor with an appropriate ratio of g-C3N4 (8%) exhibited good characteristics toward CO, including high response in a wide detection range, a rapid response/recovery process, and good repeatability at a relatively low operating temperature of 150 °C. Anchoring the CuO nanoparticles onto the large surface area of g-C3N4 nanosheets provides sufficient p-n heterojunction and active sites to adsorb reactants which significantly improves the sensing activity. Moreover, the intimate interface between the CuO nanoparticles and g-C3N4 promotes the charge transfer kinetics, which benefits the sensing performance. The present results open an avenue to synthesize various novel metal oxide semiconductor/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with intriguing characteristics for sensing applications.</abstract><cop>Lausanne</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.sna.2021.113004</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-8177</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Carbon
Carbon monoxide
Carbon nitride
Charge transfer
Chemical synthesis
Copper oxides
CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite
Gas sensor
Gas sensors
Graphite
Heterojunctions
Low temperature
Metal oxide semiconductors
Morphology
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
Operating temperature
p-n heterojunction
P-n junctions
Photoelectrons
Pore size distribution
Scanning electron microscopy
Surface area
title Enhanced relatively low-temperature carbon monoxide sensing properties of cupric oxide/porous graphitic carbon nitride p–n heterojunction
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