In vitro and in vivo toxicity of nano chitosan against Curvularia lunata, the causal microorganism of fruit rot and blight, a new disease of olive (O. europaea L.)
During 2019, fruit blight and rot symptoms were observed on olive ( O. europaea L.) fruits on trees grown in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic fruits were identified as Curvularia lunata (Walker) Boedijn (two isolates)...
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description | During 2019, fruit blight and rot symptoms were observed on olive (
O. europaea
L.) fruits on trees grown in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic fruits were identified as
Curvularia lunata
(Walker) Boedijn (two isolates) and
A. alternata
(Fr.) Keissl. (one isolate). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by a pathogenicity test conducted in vitro on olive fruits wounded before inoculation with fungal isolates and incubation at 25 ± 0.2 °C in a moist chamber for a week. During incubation, we observed the development of blight and rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with both isolates of
C. lunata
, similar to the natural symptoms described. Conversely,
A. alternata
was nonpathogenic to olive fruits. PCR amplification using the specific P1 and P2 primers to
C. lunata
based on the Clg2p Ras protein gene sequences resulted in approx. 870 base pairs for all DNA of
C. lunata
analyzed, confirming the identification of
C. lunata
. In vitro, both chitosan nano and non-nano scale effectively inhibited mycelial growth by reducing linear mycelium and biomass and sporulation of
C. lunata
. In vivo, chitosan nanoscale at 2.0 mg mL
−1
greatly reduced the infection and the lesion diameter of
C. lunata
inoculated fruits after a week and effectively induced defense-related enzyme activity of PO, PPO, and PAL. This report is the first recording of fruit blight and rots on olive caused by
C. lunata
, as a new disease. Also, we report the in vitro and
vivo
toxicity of nanoparticles of chitosan as a natural elicitor, effectively inducing defense-related enzymes against
C. lunata
. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10658-021-02371-z |
format | Article |
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O. europaea
L.) fruits on trees grown in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic fruits were identified as
Curvularia lunata
(Walker) Boedijn (two isolates) and
A. alternata
(Fr.) Keissl. (one isolate). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by a pathogenicity test conducted in vitro on olive fruits wounded before inoculation with fungal isolates and incubation at 25 ± 0.2 °C in a moist chamber for a week. During incubation, we observed the development of blight and rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with both isolates of
C. lunata
, similar to the natural symptoms described. Conversely,
A. alternata
was nonpathogenic to olive fruits. PCR amplification using the specific P1 and P2 primers to
C. lunata
based on the Clg2p Ras protein gene sequences resulted in approx. 870 base pairs for all DNA of
C. lunata
analyzed, confirming the identification of
C. lunata
. In vitro, both chitosan nano and non-nano scale effectively inhibited mycelial growth by reducing linear mycelium and biomass and sporulation of
C. lunata
. In vivo, chitosan nanoscale at 2.0 mg mL
−1
greatly reduced the infection and the lesion diameter of
C. lunata
inoculated fruits after a week and effectively induced defense-related enzyme activity of PO, PPO, and PAL. This report is the first recording of fruit blight and rots on olive caused by
C. lunata
, as a new disease. Also, we report the in vitro and
vivo
toxicity of nanoparticles of chitosan as a natural elicitor, effectively inducing defense-related enzymes against
C. lunata
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0929-1873</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-8469</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10658-021-02371-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Biocompatibility ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Blight ; Chitosan ; Curvularia lunata ; Ecology ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Experimental farms ; Farms ; Fruit rot ; Fruits ; Fungi ; Gene sequencing ; In vitro methods and tests ; In vivo methods and tests ; Incubation ; Inoculation ; Life Sciences ; Mycelia ; Nanoparticles ; Nucleotide sequence ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Plant Pathology ; Plant Sciences ; Ras protein ; Signs and symptoms ; Sporulation ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>European journal of plant pathology, 2021-12, Vol.161 (4), p.881-894</ispartof><rights>Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2021</rights><rights>Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2bace9855fefc1506db47a802262a5ddc3acf6a0e907799b3ec2e82e2e924add3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2bace9855fefc1506db47a802262a5ddc3acf6a0e907799b3ec2e82e2e924add3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8600-0076</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10658-021-02371-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10658-021-02371-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, Mazhar D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moharam, Moustafa H. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Hoda A. M.</creatorcontrib><title>In vitro and in vivo toxicity of nano chitosan against Curvularia lunata, the causal microorganism of fruit rot and blight, a new disease of olive (O. europaea L.)</title><title>European journal of plant pathology</title><addtitle>Eur J Plant Pathol</addtitle><description>During 2019, fruit blight and rot symptoms were observed on olive (
O. europaea
L.) fruits on trees grown in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic fruits were identified as
Curvularia lunata
(Walker) Boedijn (two isolates) and
A. alternata
(Fr.) Keissl. (one isolate). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by a pathogenicity test conducted in vitro on olive fruits wounded before inoculation with fungal isolates and incubation at 25 ± 0.2 °C in a moist chamber for a week. During incubation, we observed the development of blight and rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with both isolates of
C. lunata
, similar to the natural symptoms described. Conversely,
A. alternata
was nonpathogenic to olive fruits. PCR amplification using the specific P1 and P2 primers to
C. lunata
based on the Clg2p Ras protein gene sequences resulted in approx. 870 base pairs for all DNA of
C. lunata
analyzed, confirming the identification of
C. lunata
. In vitro, both chitosan nano and non-nano scale effectively inhibited mycelial growth by reducing linear mycelium and biomass and sporulation of
C. lunata
. In vivo, chitosan nanoscale at 2.0 mg mL
−1
greatly reduced the infection and the lesion diameter of
C. lunata
inoculated fruits after a week and effectively induced defense-related enzyme activity of PO, PPO, and PAL. This report is the first recording of fruit blight and rots on olive caused by
C. lunata
, as a new disease. Also, we report the in vitro and
vivo
toxicity of nanoparticles of chitosan as a natural elicitor, effectively inducing defense-related enzymes against
C. lunata
.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blight</subject><subject>Chitosan</subject><subject>Curvularia lunata</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Experimental farms</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Fruit rot</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Incubation</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mycelia</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Plant Pathology</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Ras protein</subject><subject>Signs and symptoms</subject><subject>Sporulation</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>0929-1873</issn><issn>1573-8469</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtrWzEQhUVJoU7aP9DVQDcJ5Lp6-D60DKaPgCGbdi3GunNthWvJlXSdOH-nf7RyXOiui2EYOOcMh4-xj4LPBeft5yR4U3cVl6KMakX18obNRN2qqls0-oLNuJa6El2r3rHLlB55MWktZ-z3vYeDyzEA-h7c6TgEyOHZWZePEAbw6APYrcshoQfcoPMpw3KKh2nE6BDGyWPGW8hbAotTwhF2zsYQ4ga9S7tTyBAnlyGG_PpmPbrNNt8Cgqcn6F0iTHSShdEdCK4f5kBTDHskhNX85j17O-CY6MPffcV-fv3yY_m9Wj18u1_erSqrhM6VXKMl3dX1QIMVNW_69aLFjkvZSKz73iq0Q4OcNG9L-bUiK6mTJEnLBfa9umKfzrn7GH5NlLJ5DFP05aWRta4VX7StKip5VpWKKUUazD66HcajEdycYJgzDFNgmFcY5qWY1NmUithvKP6L_o_rDzVVj68</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Mohamed, Mazhar D. A.</creator><creator>Moharam, Moustafa H. A.</creator><creator>Ahmed, Hoda A. M.</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0076</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>In vitro and in vivo toxicity of nano chitosan against Curvularia lunata, the causal microorganism of fruit rot and blight, a new disease of olive (O. europaea L.)</title><author>Mohamed, Mazhar D. A. ; Moharam, Moustafa H. A. ; Ahmed, Hoda A. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2bace9855fefc1506db47a802262a5ddc3acf6a0e907799b3ec2e82e2e924add3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blight</topic><topic>Chitosan</topic><topic>Curvularia lunata</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzyme activity</topic><topic>Experimental farms</topic><topic>Farms</topic><topic>Fruit rot</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>In vitro methods and tests</topic><topic>In vivo methods and tests</topic><topic>Incubation</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Mycelia</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Plant Pathology</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Ras protein</topic><topic>Signs and symptoms</topic><topic>Sporulation</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, Mazhar D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moharam, Moustafa H. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Hoda A. 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A.</au><au>Moharam, Moustafa H. A.</au><au>Ahmed, Hoda A. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>In vitro and in vivo toxicity of nano chitosan against Curvularia lunata, the causal microorganism of fruit rot and blight, a new disease of olive (O. europaea L.)</atitle><jtitle>European journal of plant pathology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Plant Pathol</stitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>161</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>881</spage><epage>894</epage><pages>881-894</pages><issn>0929-1873</issn><eissn>1573-8469</eissn><abstract>During 2019, fruit blight and rot symptoms were observed on olive (
O. europaea
L.) fruits on trees grown in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic fruits were identified as
Curvularia lunata
(Walker) Boedijn (two isolates) and
A. alternata
(Fr.) Keissl. (one isolate). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by a pathogenicity test conducted in vitro on olive fruits wounded before inoculation with fungal isolates and incubation at 25 ± 0.2 °C in a moist chamber for a week. During incubation, we observed the development of blight and rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with both isolates of
C. lunata
, similar to the natural symptoms described. Conversely,
A. alternata
was nonpathogenic to olive fruits. PCR amplification using the specific P1 and P2 primers to
C. lunata
based on the Clg2p Ras protein gene sequences resulted in approx. 870 base pairs for all DNA of
C. lunata
analyzed, confirming the identification of
C. lunata
. In vitro, both chitosan nano and non-nano scale effectively inhibited mycelial growth by reducing linear mycelium and biomass and sporulation of
C. lunata
. In vivo, chitosan nanoscale at 2.0 mg mL
−1
greatly reduced the infection and the lesion diameter of
C. lunata
inoculated fruits after a week and effectively induced defense-related enzyme activity of PO, PPO, and PAL. This report is the first recording of fruit blight and rots on olive caused by
C. lunata
, as a new disease. Also, we report the in vitro and
vivo
toxicity of nanoparticles of chitosan as a natural elicitor, effectively inducing defense-related enzymes against
C. lunata
.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10658-021-02371-z</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0076</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agriculture Biocompatibility Biomedical and Life Sciences Blight Chitosan Curvularia lunata Ecology Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Experimental farms Farms Fruit rot Fruits Fungi Gene sequencing In vitro methods and tests In vivo methods and tests Incubation Inoculation Life Sciences Mycelia Nanoparticles Nucleotide sequence Pathogenicity Pathogens Plant Pathology Plant Sciences Ras protein Signs and symptoms Sporulation Toxicity |
title | In vitro and in vivo toxicity of nano chitosan against Curvularia lunata, the causal microorganism of fruit rot and blight, a new disease of olive (O. europaea L.) |
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