Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil
The chemical-based tick management method is gradually losing its clutch due to the establishment of resistant ticks. For development of region-specific tick management strategies, the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative resistance profile of Rhipicephalus microplus isolates collec...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Tropical animal health and production 2021-11, Vol.53 (5), Article 460 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | |
| container_title | Tropical animal health and production |
| container_volume | 53 |
| creator | Bisht, Nisha Kumar, Sachin Sharma, Anil Kumar Nandi, Abhijit Singh, Kaushlendra Fular, Ashutosh Nagar, Gaurav Ghosh, Srikant |
| description | The chemical-based tick management method is gradually losing its clutch due to the establishment of resistant ticks. For development of region-specific tick management strategies, the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative resistance profile of
Rhipicephalus microplus
isolates collected from seven districts of Uttar Pradesh, a northern state of India. Comparative analysis of the dose–response data using adult immersion test (AIT) against coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil revealed that all the isolates were resistant to discriminating concentration of deltamethrin having LC
50
of 295.12–436.52 ppm with a resistance ratio of 22.02–32.58. An emerging low level of ivermectin resistance (resistance ratio, RR
50
= 1.03–2.26) with LC
50
in the range of 22.39–48.98 ppm was found across the isolates. The coumaphos was highly effective against all except Amethi (AMT) isolate. Similarly, malathion was efficacious against most of the isolates except Pratapgarh (PRT) and Sultanpur (SUL) isolates showing LC
50
of 5128.61 and 5623.41 ppm, respectively. All the isolates were responsive to fipronil. Comparative detoxifying enzymes profiles revealed a significant correlation between the increased activity of esterase and deltamethrin resistance. The GST activity was 51.2% correlated with RR
50
of malathion while esterase activity was significantly correlated (68.9%) with RR
50
of coumaphos. No correlation between the ivermectin resistance and enzyme activity was established. Multiple sequence analysis of S4-5 linker region of the sodium channel gene of all the isolates revealed a point mutation at 190th position (C190A) which is associated with deltamethrin resistance. The possible tick management strategies in this part of the country are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2586663764</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2574557876</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-bc7d9003b2f905b87751ff187efe7250eb87ca3684211225741a45018333a10a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UV1LwzAUDaLgnP4BnwK-rpo0SZM9yvBjMBBEn0PWpTajbWqSyvZv_KneWcG3PYR7czkfcA5C15TcUkLkXaQ0FyQjOYWnVJHtTtCECskyyZk6RRNC-DzjkstzdBHjlhCgqWKCvhe-7U0wyX1ZHIdY2j65tWtc2mNf4dfa9Q5utWmGiFtXBt8fttI3jS2T3eAq-Ban2uLOBxihwzGZZA_kZbdxBicP6KE1fe3jDLemMal2vpvhjW2SaW2qg4Mf-IcWJA-76UDX9cF3rrlEZ5Vpor36m1P0_vjwtnjOVi9Py8X9KiuZIilbl3IzJ4St82pOxFpJKWhVUSVtZSVEY-FUGlYonkNUuZCcGi4IVYwxQ4lhU3Qz6oLt52Bj0ls_hA4sdS5UURRMFvw4SnIhpJIFoPIRBXHFGGyl--BaE_aaEn3oS499aehL__ald0BiIykCuPuw4V_6COsH3OGbLw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2574557876</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Bisht, Nisha ; Kumar, Sachin ; Sharma, Anil Kumar ; Nandi, Abhijit ; Singh, Kaushlendra ; Fular, Ashutosh ; Nagar, Gaurav ; Ghosh, Srikant</creator><creatorcontrib>Bisht, Nisha ; Kumar, Sachin ; Sharma, Anil Kumar ; Nandi, Abhijit ; Singh, Kaushlendra ; Fular, Ashutosh ; Nagar, Gaurav ; Ghosh, Srikant</creatorcontrib><description>The chemical-based tick management method is gradually losing its clutch due to the establishment of resistant ticks. For development of region-specific tick management strategies, the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative resistance profile of
Rhipicephalus microplus
isolates collected from seven districts of Uttar Pradesh, a northern state of India. Comparative analysis of the dose–response data using adult immersion test (AIT) against coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil revealed that all the isolates were resistant to discriminating concentration of deltamethrin having LC
50
of 295.12–436.52 ppm with a resistance ratio of 22.02–32.58. An emerging low level of ivermectin resistance (resistance ratio, RR
50
= 1.03–2.26) with LC
50
in the range of 22.39–48.98 ppm was found across the isolates. The coumaphos was highly effective against all except Amethi (AMT) isolate. Similarly, malathion was efficacious against most of the isolates except Pratapgarh (PRT) and Sultanpur (SUL) isolates showing LC
50
of 5128.61 and 5623.41 ppm, respectively. All the isolates were responsive to fipronil. Comparative detoxifying enzymes profiles revealed a significant correlation between the increased activity of esterase and deltamethrin resistance. The GST activity was 51.2% correlated with RR
50
of malathion while esterase activity was significantly correlated (68.9%) with RR
50
of coumaphos. No correlation between the ivermectin resistance and enzyme activity was established. Multiple sequence analysis of S4-5 linker region of the sodium channel gene of all the isolates revealed a point mutation at 190th position (C190A) which is associated with deltamethrin resistance. The possible tick management strategies in this part of the country are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-4747</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7438</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Animal populations ; Arachnids ; Bioassays ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Breeding of animals ; Cattle ; Comparative analysis ; Correlation ; Coumaphos ; Deltamethrin ; Entomology ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Enzymes ; Esterase ; Fipronil ; Insecticides ; Ivermectin ; Laboratories ; Life Sciences ; Livestock ; Low level ; Malathion ; Mutation ; Pesticides ; Point mutation ; Regular Articles ; Rhipicephalus microplus ; Sequence analysis ; Sodium channels ; Ticks ; Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Tropical animal health and production, 2021-11, Vol.53 (5), Article 460</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-bc7d9003b2f905b87751ff187efe7250eb87ca3684211225741a45018333a10a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-bc7d9003b2f905b87751ff187efe7250eb87ca3684211225741a45018333a10a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bisht, Nisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sachin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Anil Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nandi, Abhijit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Kaushlendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fular, Ashutosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagar, Gaurav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Srikant</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil</title><title>Tropical animal health and production</title><addtitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</addtitle><description>The chemical-based tick management method is gradually losing its clutch due to the establishment of resistant ticks. For development of region-specific tick management strategies, the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative resistance profile of
Rhipicephalus microplus
isolates collected from seven districts of Uttar Pradesh, a northern state of India. Comparative analysis of the dose–response data using adult immersion test (AIT) against coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil revealed that all the isolates were resistant to discriminating concentration of deltamethrin having LC
50
of 295.12–436.52 ppm with a resistance ratio of 22.02–32.58. An emerging low level of ivermectin resistance (resistance ratio, RR
50
= 1.03–2.26) with LC
50
in the range of 22.39–48.98 ppm was found across the isolates. The coumaphos was highly effective against all except Amethi (AMT) isolate. Similarly, malathion was efficacious against most of the isolates except Pratapgarh (PRT) and Sultanpur (SUL) isolates showing LC
50
of 5128.61 and 5623.41 ppm, respectively. All the isolates were responsive to fipronil. Comparative detoxifying enzymes profiles revealed a significant correlation between the increased activity of esterase and deltamethrin resistance. The GST activity was 51.2% correlated with RR
50
of malathion while esterase activity was significantly correlated (68.9%) with RR
50
of coumaphos. No correlation between the ivermectin resistance and enzyme activity was established. Multiple sequence analysis of S4-5 linker region of the sodium channel gene of all the isolates revealed a point mutation at 190th position (C190A) which is associated with deltamethrin resistance. The possible tick management strategies in this part of the country are discussed.</description><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Arachnids</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breeding of animals</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Coumaphos</subject><subject>Deltamethrin</subject><subject>Entomology</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Esterase</subject><subject>Fipronil</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Ivermectin</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Low level</subject><subject>Malathion</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Point mutation</subject><subject>Regular Articles</subject><subject>Rhipicephalus microplus</subject><subject>Sequence analysis</subject><subject>Sodium channels</subject><subject>Ticks</subject><subject>Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0049-4747</issn><issn>1573-7438</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UV1LwzAUDaLgnP4BnwK-rpo0SZM9yvBjMBBEn0PWpTajbWqSyvZv_KneWcG3PYR7czkfcA5C15TcUkLkXaQ0FyQjOYWnVJHtTtCECskyyZk6RRNC-DzjkstzdBHjlhCgqWKCvhe-7U0wyX1ZHIdY2j65tWtc2mNf4dfa9Q5utWmGiFtXBt8fttI3jS2T3eAq-Ban2uLOBxihwzGZZA_kZbdxBicP6KE1fe3jDLemMal2vpvhjW2SaW2qg4Mf-IcWJA-76UDX9cF3rrlEZ5Vpor36m1P0_vjwtnjOVi9Py8X9KiuZIilbl3IzJ4St82pOxFpJKWhVUSVtZSVEY-FUGlYonkNUuZCcGi4IVYwxQ4lhU3Qz6oLt52Bj0ls_hA4sdS5UURRMFvw4SnIhpJIFoPIRBXHFGGyl--BaE_aaEn3oS499aehL__ald0BiIykCuPuw4V_6COsH3OGbLw</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Bisht, Nisha</creator><creator>Kumar, Sachin</creator><creator>Sharma, Anil Kumar</creator><creator>Nandi, Abhijit</creator><creator>Singh, Kaushlendra</creator><creator>Fular, Ashutosh</creator><creator>Nagar, Gaurav</creator><creator>Ghosh, Srikant</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil</title><author>Bisht, Nisha ; Kumar, Sachin ; Sharma, Anil Kumar ; Nandi, Abhijit ; Singh, Kaushlendra ; Fular, Ashutosh ; Nagar, Gaurav ; Ghosh, Srikant</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-bc7d9003b2f905b87751ff187efe7250eb87ca3684211225741a45018333a10a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animal populations</topic><topic>Arachnids</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breeding of animals</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Coumaphos</topic><topic>Deltamethrin</topic><topic>Entomology</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzyme activity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Esterase</topic><topic>Fipronil</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Ivermectin</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Low level</topic><topic>Malathion</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Point mutation</topic><topic>Regular Articles</topic><topic>Rhipicephalus microplus</topic><topic>Sequence analysis</topic><topic>Sodium channels</topic><topic>Ticks</topic><topic>Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bisht, Nisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sachin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Anil Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nandi, Abhijit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Kaushlendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fular, Ashutosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagar, Gaurav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Srikant</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Tropical animal health and production</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bisht, Nisha</au><au>Kumar, Sachin</au><au>Sharma, Anil Kumar</au><au>Nandi, Abhijit</au><au>Singh, Kaushlendra</au><au>Fular, Ashutosh</au><au>Nagar, Gaurav</au><au>Ghosh, Srikant</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil</atitle><jtitle>Tropical animal health and production</jtitle><stitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</stitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>5</issue><artnum>460</artnum><issn>0049-4747</issn><eissn>1573-7438</eissn><abstract>The chemical-based tick management method is gradually losing its clutch due to the establishment of resistant ticks. For development of region-specific tick management strategies, the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative resistance profile of
Rhipicephalus microplus
isolates collected from seven districts of Uttar Pradesh, a northern state of India. Comparative analysis of the dose–response data using adult immersion test (AIT) against coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil revealed that all the isolates were resistant to discriminating concentration of deltamethrin having LC
50
of 295.12–436.52 ppm with a resistance ratio of 22.02–32.58. An emerging low level of ivermectin resistance (resistance ratio, RR
50
= 1.03–2.26) with LC
50
in the range of 22.39–48.98 ppm was found across the isolates. The coumaphos was highly effective against all except Amethi (AMT) isolate. Similarly, malathion was efficacious against most of the isolates except Pratapgarh (PRT) and Sultanpur (SUL) isolates showing LC
50
of 5128.61 and 5623.41 ppm, respectively. All the isolates were responsive to fipronil. Comparative detoxifying enzymes profiles revealed a significant correlation between the increased activity of esterase and deltamethrin resistance. The GST activity was 51.2% correlated with RR
50
of malathion while esterase activity was significantly correlated (68.9%) with RR
50
of coumaphos. No correlation between the ivermectin resistance and enzyme activity was established. Multiple sequence analysis of S4-5 linker region of the sodium channel gene of all the isolates revealed a point mutation at 190th position (C190A) which is associated with deltamethrin resistance. The possible tick management strategies in this part of the country are discussed.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x</doi></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0049-4747 |
| ispartof | Tropical animal health and production, 2021-11, Vol.53 (5), Article 460 |
| issn | 0049-4747 1573-7438 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2586663764 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Animal populations Arachnids Bioassays Biomedical and Life Sciences Breeding of animals Cattle Comparative analysis Correlation Coumaphos Deltamethrin Entomology Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Enzymes Esterase Fipronil Insecticides Ivermectin Laboratories Life Sciences Livestock Low level Malathion Mutation Pesticides Point mutation Regular Articles Rhipicephalus microplus Sequence analysis Sodium channels Ticks Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science Zoology |
| title | Comparative susceptibility of Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the northern state of India to coumaphos, malathion, deltamethrin, ivermectin, and fipronil |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T13%3A25%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative%20susceptibility%20of%20Rhipicephalus%20microplus%20collected%20from%20the%20northern%20state%20of%20India%20to%20coumaphos,%20malathion,%20deltamethrin,%20ivermectin,%20and%20fipronil&rft.jtitle=Tropical%20animal%20health%20and%20production&rft.au=Bisht,%20Nisha&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.artnum=460&rft.issn=0049-4747&rft.eissn=1573-7438&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11250-021-02886-x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2574557876%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2574557876&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |