Luminance Inversion for Parallel Transmission Visible Light Communication Between LCD and Image Sensor Camera
Luminance inversion (LI) is proposed to compensate nonlinear characteristics between a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an image sensor (IS) camera of the parallel transmission (PT) visible light communication (VLC). In the PT VLC system reported in [1] , which incorporates N spatial frequencies wit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of lightwave technology 2021-11, Vol.39 (21), p.6759-6767 |
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| container_issue | 21 |
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| container_title | Journal of lightwave technology |
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| creator | Takahashi, Kotomi Kamakura, Koji Kinoshita, Masayuki Yamazato, Takaya |
| description | Luminance inversion (LI) is proposed to compensate nonlinear characteristics between a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an image sensor (IS) camera of the parallel transmission (PT) visible light communication (VLC). In the PT VLC system reported in [1] , which incorporates N spatial frequencies with P -ary phase shift keying ( P -PSK) through M -point inverse discrete Fourier transform ( M -IDFT), each point consists of regions of pixels on an LCD and the M points transmit data spatially in parallel at one frame. Since the transfer characteristics between the LCD and IS camera is nonlinear, the received signal at the IS camera receiver is distorted. The effect is severe because the signal of the PT system is, in essence, the discrete multitone (DMT) as a baseband version of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, thus suffering from high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). To linearize it between the LCD and IS camera, our approach is to calculate a complement of the digital data fed to the driver of the pixel and then to feed the pair of the digital data and its luminance complement to the driver during two successive frames. In the receiver, the difference of the signals received in the two successive frames is calculated for each of the M detected regions on the IS plane, and then they input to the following M -point DFT in the PT system. With this LI process, wider linear characteristics is obtained than without LI. Experimental results show that the number of bits per frame that the PT system with LI can accommodate without any error is 315 bits/frame and 100 bits/frame for 8- and 16-PSK, which are much larger than 12 bits/frame and 0 bits/frame for the 8- and 16-PSK PT system without LI, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JLT.2021.3106911 |
| format | Article |
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In the PT VLC system reported in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1] , which incorporates N spatial frequencies with P -ary phase shift keying ( P -PSK) through M -point inverse discrete Fourier transform ( M -IDFT), each point consists of regions of pixels on an LCD and the M points transmit data spatially in parallel at one frame. Since the transfer characteristics between the LCD and IS camera is nonlinear, the received signal at the IS camera receiver is distorted. The effect is severe because the signal of the PT system is, in essence, the discrete multitone (DMT) as a baseband version of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, thus suffering from high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). To linearize it between the LCD and IS camera, our approach is to calculate a complement of the digital data fed to the driver of the pixel and then to feed the pair of the digital data and its luminance complement to the driver during two successive frames. In the receiver, the difference of the signals received in the two successive frames is calculated for each of the M detected regions on the IS plane, and then they input to the following M -point DFT in the PT system. With this LI process, wider linear characteristics is obtained than without LI. Experimental results show that the number of bits per frame that the PT system with LI can accommodate without any error is 315 bits/frame and 100 bits/frame for 8- and 16-PSK, which are much larger than 12 bits/frame and 0 bits/frame for the 8- and 16-PSK PT system without LI, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0733-8724</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2213</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2021.3106911</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JLTEDG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Cameras ; Digital data ; Discrete Fourier transforms ; Fourier transforms ; Frames (data processing) ; free-space optical system ; image sensor communication ; Image transmission ; LCD transmitter ; LCDs ; Liquid crystal displays ; Mathematical analysis ; Optical communication ; Optical imaging ; Optical receivers ; Optical sensors ; Optical transmitters ; optical wireless communication ; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ; Phase shift keying ; Pixels ; spatial OFDM ; spatial parallel transmission ; Visible light communication</subject><ispartof>Journal of lightwave technology, 2021-11, Vol.39 (21), p.6759-6767</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-2abe1b3bcb4759e3a088d5e4cb53f05426510047fad0d6ded988c08d6fe4e543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-2abe1b3bcb4759e3a088d5e4cb53f05426510047fad0d6ded988c08d6fe4e543</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3779-1777 ; 0000-0001-8349-7806 ; 0000-0001-5256-4965</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9521826$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,793,27906,27907,54740</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9521826$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Kotomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamakura, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kinoshita, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamazato, Takaya</creatorcontrib><title>Luminance Inversion for Parallel Transmission Visible Light Communication Between LCD and Image Sensor Camera</title><title>Journal of lightwave technology</title><addtitle>JLT</addtitle><description>Luminance inversion (LI) is proposed to compensate nonlinear characteristics between a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an image sensor (IS) camera of the parallel transmission (PT) visible light communication (VLC). In the PT VLC system reported in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1] , which incorporates N spatial frequencies with P -ary phase shift keying ( P -PSK) through M -point inverse discrete Fourier transform ( M -IDFT), each point consists of regions of pixels on an LCD and the M points transmit data spatially in parallel at one frame. Since the transfer characteristics between the LCD and IS camera is nonlinear, the received signal at the IS camera receiver is distorted. The effect is severe because the signal of the PT system is, in essence, the discrete multitone (DMT) as a baseband version of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, thus suffering from high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). To linearize it between the LCD and IS camera, our approach is to calculate a complement of the digital data fed to the driver of the pixel and then to feed the pair of the digital data and its luminance complement to the driver during two successive frames. In the receiver, the difference of the signals received in the two successive frames is calculated for each of the M detected regions on the IS plane, and then they input to the following M -point DFT in the PT system. With this LI process, wider linear characteristics is obtained than without LI. Experimental results show that the number of bits per frame that the PT system with LI can accommodate without any error is 315 bits/frame and 100 bits/frame for 8- and 16-PSK, which are much larger than 12 bits/frame and 0 bits/frame for the 8- and 16-PSK PT system without LI, respectively.</description><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Digital data</subject><subject>Discrete Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Frames (data processing)</subject><subject>free-space optical system</subject><subject>image sensor communication</subject><subject>Image transmission</subject><subject>LCD transmitter</subject><subject>LCDs</subject><subject>Liquid crystal displays</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Optical communication</subject><subject>Optical imaging</subject><subject>Optical receivers</subject><subject>Optical sensors</subject><subject>Optical transmitters</subject><subject>optical wireless communication</subject><subject>Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</subject><subject>Phase shift keying</subject><subject>Pixels</subject><subject>spatial OFDM</subject><subject>spatial parallel transmission</subject><subject>Visible light communication</subject><issn>0733-8724</issn><issn>1558-2213</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kEtLxDAUhYMoOI7uBTcB1x3zbJOl1tdIQcHBbUjb2zFDm2rSKv57O87g6i7Od86FD6FzShaUEn31VKwWjDC64JSkmtIDNKNSqoQxyg_RjGScJypj4hidxLghhAqhshnqirFz3voK8NJ_QYiu97jpA36xwbYttHgVrI-di3_Jm4uubAEXbv0-4LzvutG7yg7b7AaGbwCPi_wWW1_jZWfXgF_Bx2kutx0Ee4qOGttGONvfOVrd363yx6R4fljm10VSca2HhNkSaMnLqhSZ1MAtUaqWIKpS8oZIwVJJCRFZY2tSpzXUWqmKqDptQIAUfI4ud7Mfof8cIQ5m04_BTx8NkyqVWgjBJorsqCr0MQZozEdwnQ0_hhKzdWomp2br1OydTpWLXcUBwD-uJaOKpfwXhWdzRw</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Takahashi, Kotomi</creator><creator>Kamakura, Koji</creator><creator>Kinoshita, Masayuki</creator><creator>Yamazato, Takaya</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-1777</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-7806</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-4965</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Luminance Inversion for Parallel Transmission Visible Light Communication Between LCD and Image Sensor Camera</title><author>Takahashi, Kotomi ; Kamakura, Koji ; Kinoshita, Masayuki ; Yamazato, Takaya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-2abe1b3bcb4759e3a088d5e4cb53f05426510047fad0d6ded988c08d6fe4e543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cameras</topic><topic>Digital data</topic><topic>Discrete Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Frames (data processing)</topic><topic>free-space optical system</topic><topic>image sensor communication</topic><topic>Image transmission</topic><topic>LCD transmitter</topic><topic>LCDs</topic><topic>Liquid crystal displays</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Optical communication</topic><topic>Optical imaging</topic><topic>Optical receivers</topic><topic>Optical sensors</topic><topic>Optical transmitters</topic><topic>optical wireless communication</topic><topic>Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</topic><topic>Phase shift keying</topic><topic>Pixels</topic><topic>spatial OFDM</topic><topic>spatial parallel transmission</topic><topic>Visible light communication</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Kotomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamakura, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kinoshita, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamazato, Takaya</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of lightwave technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Takahashi, Kotomi</au><au>Kamakura, Koji</au><au>Kinoshita, Masayuki</au><au>Yamazato, Takaya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Luminance Inversion for Parallel Transmission Visible Light Communication Between LCD and Image Sensor Camera</atitle><jtitle>Journal of lightwave technology</jtitle><stitle>JLT</stitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>6759</spage><epage>6767</epage><pages>6759-6767</pages><issn>0733-8724</issn><eissn>1558-2213</eissn><coden>JLTEDG</coden><abstract>Luminance inversion (LI) is proposed to compensate nonlinear characteristics between a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an image sensor (IS) camera of the parallel transmission (PT) visible light communication (VLC). In the PT VLC system reported in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1] , which incorporates N spatial frequencies with P -ary phase shift keying ( P -PSK) through M -point inverse discrete Fourier transform ( M -IDFT), each point consists of regions of pixels on an LCD and the M points transmit data spatially in parallel at one frame. Since the transfer characteristics between the LCD and IS camera is nonlinear, the received signal at the IS camera receiver is distorted. The effect is severe because the signal of the PT system is, in essence, the discrete multitone (DMT) as a baseband version of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, thus suffering from high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). To linearize it between the LCD and IS camera, our approach is to calculate a complement of the digital data fed to the driver of the pixel and then to feed the pair of the digital data and its luminance complement to the driver during two successive frames. In the receiver, the difference of the signals received in the two successive frames is calculated for each of the M detected regions on the IS plane, and then they input to the following M -point DFT in the PT system. With this LI process, wider linear characteristics is obtained than without LI. Experimental results show that the number of bits per frame that the PT system with LI can accommodate without any error is 315 bits/frame and 100 bits/frame for 8- and 16-PSK, which are much larger than 12 bits/frame and 0 bits/frame for the 8- and 16-PSK PT system without LI, respectively.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JLT.2021.3106911</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-1777</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-7806</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-4965</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Cameras Digital data Discrete Fourier transforms Fourier transforms Frames (data processing) free-space optical system image sensor communication Image transmission LCD transmitter LCDs Liquid crystal displays Mathematical analysis Optical communication Optical imaging Optical receivers Optical sensors Optical transmitters optical wireless communication Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Phase shift keying Pixels spatial OFDM spatial parallel transmission Visible light communication |
| title | Luminance Inversion for Parallel Transmission Visible Light Communication Between LCD and Image Sensor Camera |
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