A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan
Drip irrigation has long been proven beneficial for fruit and vegetable crops in Pakistan, but the only barrier in its adoption is the high cost of installation for small landholders, which is due to overdesigning of the system. In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2021-10, Vol.13 (20), p.11178 |
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creator | Aziz, Marjan Rizvi, Sultan Ahmad Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar Syed, Sairah Ashraf, Muhammad Anwer, Saira Usman, Muhammad Tahir, Nazia Khan, Azra Asghar, Sana Akhtar, Jamil |
description | Drip irrigation has long been proven beneficial for fruit and vegetable crops in Pakistan, but the only barrier in its adoption is the high cost of installation for small landholders, which is due to overdesigning of the system. In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system was reduced by redesigning and eliminating the heavy filtration system (i.e., hydrocyclon, sand media, disc filters (groundwater source), pressure gauges, water meters, and double laterals).Purchasing the drip system from local vendors also reduced the cost. Field trials were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to observe the productive and economic effects of low-cost drip irrigation on vegetables (potato, onion, and chilies) and fruits (olive, peach, and citrus). The low-cost drip irrigation system saved 50% cost of irrigation and increased 27–54% net revenue in comparison with the furrow irrigation system. Further, water use efficiency (WUE) was found from 3.91–13.30 kg/m3 and 1.28–4.89 kg/m3 for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetables and fruits were also improved to a reasonably good extent. The present study concluded that low-cost drip irrigation increased the yield by more than 20%, as compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and thus, it is beneficial for the small landholders (i.e., less than 2 hectares). |
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In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system was reduced by redesigning and eliminating the heavy filtration system (i.e., hydrocyclon, sand media, disc filters (groundwater source), pressure gauges, water meters, and double laterals).Purchasing the drip system from local vendors also reduced the cost. Field trials were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to observe the productive and economic effects of low-cost drip irrigation on vegetables (potato, onion, and chilies) and fruits (olive, peach, and citrus). The low-cost drip irrigation system saved 50% cost of irrigation and increased 27–54% net revenue in comparison with the furrow irrigation system. Further, water use efficiency (WUE) was found from 3.91–13.30 kg/m3 and 1.28–4.89 kg/m3 for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetables and fruits were also improved to a reasonably good extent. The present study concluded that low-cost drip irrigation increased the yield by more than 20%, as compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and thus, it is beneficial for the small landholders (i.e., less than 2 hectares).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su132011178</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural economics ; Agricultural production ; Crops ; Disk filters ; Drip irrigation ; Economic impact ; Efficiency ; Farmers ; Fluid filters ; Food quality ; Fruits ; Furrow irrigation ; Furrow systems ; Groundwater ; Irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Low cost ; Peppers ; Potatoes ; Pressure gages ; Pressure gauges ; Productivity ; Rain ; Sustainability ; Vegetables ; Water meters ; Water purification ; Water use ; Water use efficiency</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2021-10, Vol.13 (20), p.11178</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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subjects | Agricultural economics Agricultural production Crops Disk filters Drip irrigation Economic impact Efficiency Farmers Fluid filters Food quality Fruits Furrow irrigation Furrow systems Groundwater Irrigation Irrigation systems Irrigation water Low cost Peppers Potatoes Pressure gages Pressure gauges Productivity Rain Sustainability Vegetables Water meters Water purification Water use Water use efficiency |
title | A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan |
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