Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust
In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the g...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Minerals (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.11 (10), p.1125 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 10 |
| container_start_page | 1125 |
| container_title | Minerals (Basel) |
| container_volume | 11 |
| creator | Wang, Daya Hua, Shaoguang Wu, Liushun Liu, Kunlong Wang, Haichuan |
| description | In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the gas duct and seriously affect production. In this study, the properties and formation mechanisms of the coagulum were investigated on the basis of experimental and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental results showed that the coagulum is mainly composed of chlorides (KCl, NaCl, and ZnCl2), oxides (ZnO, FeO), and carbon, with three structures: lumps, fibers, and particles. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, a reasonable explanation was proposed to clarify the formation mechanism. The liquid phase (a eutectic system of KCl–NaCl–ZnCl2), dendrites (KCl, NaCl), and particles (ZnO, FeO, C) were found to act as binders, stiffeners, and aggregates in the coagulum, respectively, constituting a composite structure. Liquids acting as binders are essential for coagulum formation, and dendrites and particles strengthen this effect. Furthermore, the eutectic system of chlorides plays a crucial role in coagulum formation. The results of the present study offer a theoretical understanding of gas-duct coagulation and will provide guidance for adopting alleviation measures. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/min11101125 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2584454084</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2584454084</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-70a67fac4c78aefea8a80362aa4d54e1dda4d8a9cd690d4faf95f5135915202c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkM1Kw0AUhYMoWGpXvsCAS4nObzJZllRroWDBCu7CZX7a1GSmziSLPoDvbWq76Nnc78LhwDlJck_wE2MFfm5rRwjBhFBxlYwozkVKMvZ1fcG3ySTGHR5UECYFHSW_pe_3jdFovTWh9frgoK1VROA0Wm0hGjSrYROgRVMHzSHWEXmL5hDTWa86VHqngulq79CrDy38U-3Q6hB8ugpemRhrt0GL4F0L30c8Jn90xjTnf9bH7i65sdBEMznfcfL5-rIu39Ll-3xRTpepooXs0hxDlltQXOUSjDUgQWKWUQCuBTdE6wEkFEpnBdbcgi2EFYSJggiKqWLj5OGUuw_-pzexq3a-D0OxWFEhORccSz64Hk8uFXyMwdhqH-oWwqEiuDpOXV1Mzf4ASppzgQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2584454084</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust</title><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Wang, Daya ; Hua, Shaoguang ; Wu, Liushun ; Liu, Kunlong ; Wang, Haichuan</creator><creatorcontrib>Wang, Daya ; Hua, Shaoguang ; Wu, Liushun ; Liu, Kunlong ; Wang, Haichuan</creatorcontrib><description>In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the gas duct and seriously affect production. In this study, the properties and formation mechanisms of the coagulum were investigated on the basis of experimental and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental results showed that the coagulum is mainly composed of chlorides (KCl, NaCl, and ZnCl2), oxides (ZnO, FeO), and carbon, with three structures: lumps, fibers, and particles. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, a reasonable explanation was proposed to clarify the formation mechanism. The liquid phase (a eutectic system of KCl–NaCl–ZnCl2), dendrites (KCl, NaCl), and particles (ZnO, FeO, C) were found to act as binders, stiffeners, and aggregates in the coagulum, respectively, constituting a composite structure. Liquids acting as binders are essential for coagulum formation, and dendrites and particles strengthen this effect. Furthermore, the eutectic system of chlorides plays a crucial role in coagulum formation. The results of the present study offer a theoretical understanding of gas-duct coagulation and will provide guidance for adopting alleviation measures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2075-163X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2075-163X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/min11101125</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Atmospheric particulates ; Binders ; Carbon ; Chlorides ; Coagulation ; Composite structures ; Concretions ; Cooling ; Dendrites ; Dust ; Dust storms ; Flue gas ; Heat exchangers ; Heavy metals ; Iron and steel industry ; Ironmaking ; Kilns ; Liquid phases ; Liquids ; Metals ; Methods ; Oxides ; Phase diagrams ; Potassium chloride ; Raw materials ; Sedimentary structures ; Sodium chloride ; Steel industry ; Steel making ; Stiffeners ; Zinc ; Zinc chloride ; Zinc oxide</subject><ispartof>Minerals (Basel), 2021-10, Vol.11 (10), p.1125</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-70a67fac4c78aefea8a80362aa4d54e1dda4d8a9cd690d4faf95f5135915202c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-70a67fac4c78aefea8a80362aa4d54e1dda4d8a9cd690d4faf95f5135915202c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Daya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hua, Shaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Liushun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Kunlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haichuan</creatorcontrib><title>Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust</title><title>Minerals (Basel)</title><description>In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the gas duct and seriously affect production. In this study, the properties and formation mechanisms of the coagulum were investigated on the basis of experimental and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental results showed that the coagulum is mainly composed of chlorides (KCl, NaCl, and ZnCl2), oxides (ZnO, FeO), and carbon, with three structures: lumps, fibers, and particles. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, a reasonable explanation was proposed to clarify the formation mechanism. The liquid phase (a eutectic system of KCl–NaCl–ZnCl2), dendrites (KCl, NaCl), and particles (ZnO, FeO, C) were found to act as binders, stiffeners, and aggregates in the coagulum, respectively, constituting a composite structure. Liquids acting as binders are essential for coagulum formation, and dendrites and particles strengthen this effect. Furthermore, the eutectic system of chlorides plays a crucial role in coagulum formation. The results of the present study offer a theoretical understanding of gas-duct coagulation and will provide guidance for adopting alleviation measures.</description><subject>Atmospheric particulates</subject><subject>Binders</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Coagulation</subject><subject>Composite structures</subject><subject>Concretions</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Dendrites</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust storms</subject><subject>Flue gas</subject><subject>Heat exchangers</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Iron and steel industry</subject><subject>Ironmaking</subject><subject>Kilns</subject><subject>Liquid phases</subject><subject>Liquids</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Oxides</subject><subject>Phase diagrams</subject><subject>Potassium chloride</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Sedimentary structures</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Steel industry</subject><subject>Steel making</subject><subject>Stiffeners</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc chloride</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><issn>2075-163X</issn><issn>2075-163X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkM1Kw0AUhYMoWGpXvsCAS4nObzJZllRroWDBCu7CZX7a1GSmziSLPoDvbWq76Nnc78LhwDlJck_wE2MFfm5rRwjBhFBxlYwozkVKMvZ1fcG3ySTGHR5UECYFHSW_pe_3jdFovTWh9frgoK1VROA0Wm0hGjSrYROgRVMHzSHWEXmL5hDTWa86VHqngulq79CrDy38U-3Q6hB8ugpemRhrt0GL4F0L30c8Jn90xjTnf9bH7i65sdBEMznfcfL5-rIu39Ll-3xRTpepooXs0hxDlltQXOUSjDUgQWKWUQCuBTdE6wEkFEpnBdbcgi2EFYSJggiKqWLj5OGUuw_-pzexq3a-D0OxWFEhORccSz64Hk8uFXyMwdhqH-oWwqEiuDpOXV1Mzf4ASppzgQ</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Wang, Daya</creator><creator>Hua, Shaoguang</creator><creator>Wu, Liushun</creator><creator>Liu, Kunlong</creator><creator>Wang, Haichuan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust</title><author>Wang, Daya ; Hua, Shaoguang ; Wu, Liushun ; Liu, Kunlong ; Wang, Haichuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-70a67fac4c78aefea8a80362aa4d54e1dda4d8a9cd690d4faf95f5135915202c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric particulates</topic><topic>Binders</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Coagulation</topic><topic>Composite structures</topic><topic>Concretions</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Dendrites</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Dust storms</topic><topic>Flue gas</topic><topic>Heat exchangers</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Iron and steel industry</topic><topic>Ironmaking</topic><topic>Kilns</topic><topic>Liquid phases</topic><topic>Liquids</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Oxides</topic><topic>Phase diagrams</topic><topic>Potassium chloride</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Sedimentary structures</topic><topic>Sodium chloride</topic><topic>Steel industry</topic><topic>Steel making</topic><topic>Stiffeners</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zinc chloride</topic><topic>Zinc oxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Daya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hua, Shaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Liushun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Kunlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haichuan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Minerals (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Daya</au><au>Hua, Shaoguang</au><au>Wu, Liushun</au><au>Liu, Kunlong</au><au>Wang, Haichuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust</atitle><jtitle>Minerals (Basel)</jtitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1125</spage><pages>1125-</pages><issn>2075-163X</issn><eissn>2075-163X</eissn><abstract>In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the gas duct and seriously affect production. In this study, the properties and formation mechanisms of the coagulum were investigated on the basis of experimental and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental results showed that the coagulum is mainly composed of chlorides (KCl, NaCl, and ZnCl2), oxides (ZnO, FeO), and carbon, with three structures: lumps, fibers, and particles. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, a reasonable explanation was proposed to clarify the formation mechanism. The liquid phase (a eutectic system of KCl–NaCl–ZnCl2), dendrites (KCl, NaCl), and particles (ZnO, FeO, C) were found to act as binders, stiffeners, and aggregates in the coagulum, respectively, constituting a composite structure. Liquids acting as binders are essential for coagulum formation, and dendrites and particles strengthen this effect. Furthermore, the eutectic system of chlorides plays a crucial role in coagulum formation. The results of the present study offer a theoretical understanding of gas-duct coagulation and will provide guidance for adopting alleviation measures.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/min11101125</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2075-163X |
| ispartof | Minerals (Basel), 2021-10, Vol.11 (10), p.1125 |
| issn | 2075-163X 2075-163X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2584454084 |
| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Atmospheric particulates Binders Carbon Chlorides Coagulation Composite structures Concretions Cooling Dendrites Dust Dust storms Flue gas Heat exchangers Heavy metals Iron and steel industry Ironmaking Kilns Liquid phases Liquids Metals Methods Oxides Phase diagrams Potassium chloride Raw materials Sedimentary structures Sodium chloride Steel industry Steel making Stiffeners Zinc Zinc chloride Zinc oxide |
| title | Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T13%3A23%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coupled%20Thermodynamics%20and%20Phase%20Diagram%20Analysis%20of%20Gas-Duct%20Concretion%20Formation%20in%20Pyro-Processing%20Ironmaking%20and%20Steelmaking%20Dust&rft.jtitle=Minerals%20(Basel)&rft.au=Wang,%20Daya&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1125&rft.pages=1125-&rft.issn=2075-163X&rft.eissn=2075-163X&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/min11101125&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2584454084%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2584454084&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |