60Coγ-ray irradiation inhibits germination of fresh walnuts by modulating respiratory metabolism and reducing energy status during storage
•Irradiation inhibited the germination with the decreased terminal oxidases activities.•The GAC and EMP-TCA pathways were weakened by gamma irradiation.•Gamma irradiation declined the ATP contents and EC of fresh walnuts. Postharvest germination negatively affects the development of fresh walnut ind...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Postharvest biology and technology 2021-12, Vol.182, p.111694, Article 111694 |
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| creator | Hu, Haichao Jing, Nana Peng, Yuhang Liu, Chaobin Ma, Huiling Ma, Yanping |
| description | •Irradiation inhibited the germination with the decreased terminal oxidases activities.•The GAC and EMP-TCA pathways were weakened by gamma irradiation.•Gamma irradiation declined the ATP contents and EC of fresh walnuts.
Postharvest germination negatively affects the development of fresh walnut industry. Our previous research showed that 60Coγ-ray irradiation with 0.3 kGy effectively inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts during storage, but the underlying mechanism in respiratory metabolism remains still unclear. The untreated and 0.3 kGy-irradiated fresh walnuts were stored at 25 °C for 24 d, and then the indicators related to respiratory metabolism in kernels and embryos were determined. The results found that the 0.3 kGy irradiation decreased the respiration intensity after 15d and completely inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts with the declined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge (EC) levels in kernels except from 12 to 15 d and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activities in both tissues except the stimulated PPO activity in embryos during storage. Moreover, the irradiation promoted the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) activities but reduced the isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in both tissues, and decreased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) content but increased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) content in kernels of fresh walnuts during storage. The irradiation induced the JRG6PDH and JR6PGDH expression levels in both tissues, as well as the JRICL and JRMS expression levels in kernels before 12 d but suppressed those after 12 d of storage. In conclusion, the germination inhibition of fresh walnuts by gamma irradiation is attributed to suppressed terminal oxidases activities, decreased ratio of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-tricarboxylic acid cycle (EMP-TCA) and glyoxylate cycle (GAC), increased level of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and reduced energy status. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111694 |
| format | Article |
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Postharvest germination negatively affects the development of fresh walnut industry. Our previous research showed that 60Coγ-ray irradiation with 0.3 kGy effectively inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts during storage, but the underlying mechanism in respiratory metabolism remains still unclear. The untreated and 0.3 kGy-irradiated fresh walnuts were stored at 25 °C for 24 d, and then the indicators related to respiratory metabolism in kernels and embryos were determined. The results found that the 0.3 kGy irradiation decreased the respiration intensity after 15d and completely inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts with the declined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge (EC) levels in kernels except from 12 to 15 d and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activities in both tissues except the stimulated PPO activity in embryos during storage. Moreover, the irradiation promoted the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) activities but reduced the isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in both tissues, and decreased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) content but increased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) content in kernels of fresh walnuts during storage. The irradiation induced the JRG6PDH and JR6PGDH expression levels in both tissues, as well as the JRICL and JRMS expression levels in kernels before 12 d but suppressed those after 12 d of storage. In conclusion, the germination inhibition of fresh walnuts by gamma irradiation is attributed to suppressed terminal oxidases activities, decreased ratio of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-tricarboxylic acid cycle (EMP-TCA) and glyoxylate cycle (GAC), increased level of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and reduced energy status.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0925-5214</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111694</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adenine ; Adenosine triphosphate ; Ascorbic acid ; ATP ; Cytochrome ; Cytochrome-c oxidase ; Cytochromes ; Dehydrogenase ; Dehydrogenases ; Embryos ; Energy balance ; Energy charge ; Energy metabolism ; Energy status ; Energy storage ; Fresh walnuts ; Gamma irradiation ; Germination ; Germination inhibition ; Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase ; Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase ; Glyoxylate cycle ; Irradiation ; Isocitrate lyase ; Kernels ; Metabolism ; NADH ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Nicotinamide ; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ; Pentose ; Pentose phosphate pathway ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ; Polyphenol oxidase ; Respiratory metabolism ; Storage ; Tissues ; Tricarboxylic acid cycle ; Walnuts ; γ Radiation</subject><ispartof>Postharvest biology and technology, 2021-12, Vol.182, p.111694, Article 111694</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c279t-63a54aa9dd6ad14160354e1d732d2ab3ee2c55a20c8875daa99876f56f4564ed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c279t-63a54aa9dd6ad14160354e1d732d2ab3ee2c55a20c8875daa99876f56f4564ed3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111694$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Haichao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jing, Nana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Yuhang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chaobin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Huiling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yanping</creatorcontrib><title>60Coγ-ray irradiation inhibits germination of fresh walnuts by modulating respiratory metabolism and reducing energy status during storage</title><title>Postharvest biology and technology</title><description>•Irradiation inhibited the germination with the decreased terminal oxidases activities.•The GAC and EMP-TCA pathways were weakened by gamma irradiation.•Gamma irradiation declined the ATP contents and EC of fresh walnuts.
Postharvest germination negatively affects the development of fresh walnut industry. Our previous research showed that 60Coγ-ray irradiation with 0.3 kGy effectively inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts during storage, but the underlying mechanism in respiratory metabolism remains still unclear. The untreated and 0.3 kGy-irradiated fresh walnuts were stored at 25 °C for 24 d, and then the indicators related to respiratory metabolism in kernels and embryos were determined. The results found that the 0.3 kGy irradiation decreased the respiration intensity after 15d and completely inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts with the declined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge (EC) levels in kernels except from 12 to 15 d and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activities in both tissues except the stimulated PPO activity in embryos during storage. Moreover, the irradiation promoted the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) activities but reduced the isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in both tissues, and decreased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) content but increased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) content in kernels of fresh walnuts during storage. The irradiation induced the JRG6PDH and JR6PGDH expression levels in both tissues, as well as the JRICL and JRMS expression levels in kernels before 12 d but suppressed those after 12 d of storage. In conclusion, the germination inhibition of fresh walnuts by gamma irradiation is attributed to suppressed terminal oxidases activities, decreased ratio of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-tricarboxylic acid cycle (EMP-TCA) and glyoxylate cycle (GAC), increased level of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and reduced energy status.</description><subject>Adenine</subject><subject>Adenosine triphosphate</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>ATP</subject><subject>Cytochrome</subject><subject>Cytochrome-c oxidase</subject><subject>Cytochromes</subject><subject>Dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Dehydrogenases</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Energy balance</subject><subject>Energy charge</subject><subject>Energy metabolism</subject><subject>Energy status</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Fresh walnuts</subject><subject>Gamma irradiation</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Germination inhibition</subject><subject>Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Glyoxylate cycle</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Isocitrate lyase</subject><subject>Kernels</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>NADH</subject><subject>NADPH-diaphorase</subject><subject>Nicotinamide</subject><subject>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</subject><subject>Pentose</subject><subject>Pentose phosphate pathway</subject><subject>Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)</subject><subject>Polyphenol oxidase</subject><subject>Respiratory metabolism</subject><subject>Storage</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Tricarboxylic acid cycle</subject><subject>Walnuts</subject><subject>γ Radiation</subject><issn>0925-5214</issn><issn>1873-2356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkEFu2zAQRYkiBeqkvQOLruWSlEhJy8JokwABsknXxEgc2TRs0h1SKXyGHif36JlKQ11kmdUA__0_g_mMfZZiLYU0X_frU0x5B_Q8-LhWQsm1lNL0zTu2kl1bV6rW5oqtRK90pZVsPrDrlPZCCK11t2J_jNjEvy8VwZl7InAeso-B-7Dzg8-Jb5GOPixinPhEmHb8NxzCXOBw5sfo5kPBYcsLOnmCHKnImGGIB5-OHIIryM3jxYMBaXvmKUOeE3czXcRUIrDFj-z9BIeEn_7PG_bzx_enzV318Hh7v_n2UI2q7XNlatANQO-cAScbaUStG5SurZVTMNSIatQalBi7rtWuOPuuNZM2U6NNg66-YV-WvSeKv2ZM2e7jTKGctEp3qqk7pXVx9YtrpJgS4WRP5I9AZyuFvXRv9_ZV9_bSvV26L9nNksXyxrNHsmn0GEZ0nnDM1kX_hi3_ADt-mBo</recordid><startdate>202112</startdate><enddate>202112</enddate><creator>Hu, Haichao</creator><creator>Jing, Nana</creator><creator>Peng, Yuhang</creator><creator>Liu, Chaobin</creator><creator>Ma, Huiling</creator><creator>Ma, Yanping</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202112</creationdate><title>60Coγ-ray irradiation inhibits germination of fresh walnuts by modulating respiratory metabolism and reducing energy status during storage</title><author>Hu, Haichao ; Jing, Nana ; Peng, Yuhang ; Liu, Chaobin ; Ma, Huiling ; Ma, Yanping</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c279t-63a54aa9dd6ad14160354e1d732d2ab3ee2c55a20c8875daa99876f56f4564ed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adenine</topic><topic>Adenosine triphosphate</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>ATP</topic><topic>Cytochrome</topic><topic>Cytochrome-c oxidase</topic><topic>Cytochromes</topic><topic>Dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Dehydrogenases</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Energy balance</topic><topic>Energy charge</topic><topic>Energy metabolism</topic><topic>Energy status</topic><topic>Energy storage</topic><topic>Fresh walnuts</topic><topic>Gamma irradiation</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Germination inhibition</topic><topic>Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Glyoxylate cycle</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Isocitrate lyase</topic><topic>Kernels</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>NADH</topic><topic>NADPH-diaphorase</topic><topic>Nicotinamide</topic><topic>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</topic><topic>Pentose</topic><topic>Pentose phosphate pathway</topic><topic>Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)</topic><topic>Polyphenol oxidase</topic><topic>Respiratory metabolism</topic><topic>Storage</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Tricarboxylic acid cycle</topic><topic>Walnuts</topic><topic>γ Radiation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Haichao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jing, Nana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Yuhang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chaobin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Huiling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yanping</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Postharvest biology and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Haichao</au><au>Jing, Nana</au><au>Peng, Yuhang</au><au>Liu, Chaobin</au><au>Ma, Huiling</au><au>Ma, Yanping</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>60Coγ-ray irradiation inhibits germination of fresh walnuts by modulating respiratory metabolism and reducing energy status during storage</atitle><jtitle>Postharvest biology and technology</jtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>182</volume><spage>111694</spage><pages>111694-</pages><artnum>111694</artnum><issn>0925-5214</issn><eissn>1873-2356</eissn><abstract>•Irradiation inhibited the germination with the decreased terminal oxidases activities.•The GAC and EMP-TCA pathways were weakened by gamma irradiation.•Gamma irradiation declined the ATP contents and EC of fresh walnuts.
Postharvest germination negatively affects the development of fresh walnut industry. Our previous research showed that 60Coγ-ray irradiation with 0.3 kGy effectively inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts during storage, but the underlying mechanism in respiratory metabolism remains still unclear. The untreated and 0.3 kGy-irradiated fresh walnuts were stored at 25 °C for 24 d, and then the indicators related to respiratory metabolism in kernels and embryos were determined. The results found that the 0.3 kGy irradiation decreased the respiration intensity after 15d and completely inhibited the germination of fresh walnuts with the declined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge (EC) levels in kernels except from 12 to 15 d and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activities in both tissues except the stimulated PPO activity in embryos during storage. Moreover, the irradiation promoted the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) activities but reduced the isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in both tissues, and decreased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) content but increased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) content in kernels of fresh walnuts during storage. The irradiation induced the JRG6PDH and JR6PGDH expression levels in both tissues, as well as the JRICL and JRMS expression levels in kernels before 12 d but suppressed those after 12 d of storage. In conclusion, the germination inhibition of fresh walnuts by gamma irradiation is attributed to suppressed terminal oxidases activities, decreased ratio of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-tricarboxylic acid cycle (EMP-TCA) and glyoxylate cycle (GAC), increased level of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and reduced energy status.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111694</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenine Adenosine triphosphate Ascorbic acid ATP Cytochrome Cytochrome-c oxidase Cytochromes Dehydrogenase Dehydrogenases Embryos Energy balance Energy charge Energy metabolism Energy status Energy storage Fresh walnuts Gamma irradiation Germination Germination inhibition Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase Glyoxylate cycle Irradiation Isocitrate lyase Kernels Metabolism NADH NADPH-diaphorase Nicotinamide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Pentose Pentose phosphate pathway Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) Polyphenol oxidase Respiratory metabolism Storage Tissues Tricarboxylic acid cycle Walnuts γ Radiation |
| title | 60Coγ-ray irradiation inhibits germination of fresh walnuts by modulating respiratory metabolism and reducing energy status during storage |
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