Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems
In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2021-10, Vol.13 (19), p.10988 |
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| creator | Zhang, Sheng-Peng Tak, Tae-Oh |
| description | In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su131910988 |
| format | Article |
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In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su131910988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Bicycles ; Chains ; Computing time ; Electric bicycles ; Electric motors ; Electric vehicles ; Energy consumption ; Energy efficiency ; Experiments ; Friction ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Kinematics ; Performance evaluation ; Powertrain ; Simulation ; Sliding friction ; Sprockets ; Sustainability ; Torque ; Transmission efficiency ; Velocity</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2021-10, Vol.13 (19), p.10988</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-1f12d8ba671500fa08c683e78d043b00d3ee74bce6a74edcb1e7e7d14148e2f63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-1f12d8ba671500fa08c683e78d043b00d3ee74bce6a74edcb1e7e7d14148e2f63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2014-3039</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Sheng-Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Tae-Oh</creatorcontrib><title>Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.</description><subject>Bicycles</subject><subject>Chains</subject><subject>Computing time</subject><subject>Electric bicycles</subject><subject>Electric motors</subject><subject>Electric vehicles</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Friction</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Performance evaluation</subject><subject>Powertrain</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Sliding friction</subject><subject>Sprockets</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Torque</subject><subject>Transmission efficiency</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkE1LxDAYhIMouKx78g8UPEr1fZs2SY-61g9YUHA9lzR9A1n6sSat0n9vl_Wwc5k5PMzAMHaNcMd5DvdhRI45Qq7UGVskIDFGyOD8JF-yVQg7mMUPqFiwp8JaZxx1ZoqKH92MenB9F_U2Khoyg3cmenRmMg1FH_0v-WjrdRdaF8IB-5zCQG24YhdWN4FW_75kX8_Fdv0ab95f3tYPm9gkuRpitJjUqtJCYgZgNSgjFCepakh5BVBzIplWhoSWKdWmQpIka0wxVZRYwZfs5ti79_33SGEod_3ou3myTDKFIDKR5DN1e6SM70PwZMu9d632U4lQHp4qT57if35iWuc</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Zhang, Sheng-Peng</creator><creator>Tak, Tae-Oh</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-3039</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems</title><author>Zhang, Sheng-Peng ; Tak, Tae-Oh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-1f12d8ba671500fa08c683e78d043b00d3ee74bce6a74edcb1e7e7d14148e2f63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Bicycles</topic><topic>Chains</topic><topic>Computing time</topic><topic>Electric bicycles</topic><topic>Electric motors</topic><topic>Electric vehicles</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Energy efficiency</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Friction</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Kinematics</topic><topic>Performance evaluation</topic><topic>Powertrain</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Sliding friction</topic><topic>Sprockets</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Torque</topic><topic>Transmission efficiency</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Sheng-Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Tae-Oh</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Sheng-Peng</au><au>Tak, Tae-Oh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>10988</spage><pages>10988-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su131910988</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-3039</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Sustainability, 2021-10, Vol.13 (19), p.10988 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Bicycles Chains Computing time Electric bicycles Electric motors Electric vehicles Energy consumption Energy efficiency Experiments Friction Global positioning systems GPS Kinematics Performance evaluation Powertrain Simulation Sliding friction Sprockets Sustainability Torque Transmission efficiency Velocity |
| title | Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems |
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