Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean
The trade wind inversion (TWI) serves as an important stabilizing mechanism in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, including the Caribbean basin. Previous studies have diagnosed the TWI using in situ observations and radiosondes, typically over tropical islands. However, studies relying on the...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of climatology 2021-10, Vol.41 (12), p.5752-5765 |
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description | The trade wind inversion (TWI) serves as an important stabilizing mechanism in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, including the Caribbean basin. Previous studies have diagnosed the TWI using in situ observations and radiosondes, typically over tropical islands. However, studies relying on these point measurements are unable to discern the climatology and evolution of the TWI over the rest of the TNA. This study addresses this gap in the literature through the use of high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis model level data. Due to the advances in the ERA line of reanalysis products, ERA5 now provides vertical level resolution as fine as ~4 mb in the lower troposphere, enabling the identification of shallow inversions, such as the TWI, consistently on a climatological time scale in remote regions of the world. While still coarser than observed soundings, this reanalysis‐based approach provides a first attempt in understanding TNA TWI variability and its strength and frequency trends from 1979 to 2019. The TWI climatology constructed here finds consilience with previous modelling and observational studies in terms of the spatial variability of the TWI base and strength across this domain. Stronger and more frequent TWIs are noted across the central TNA across all seasons. Results from a Mann–Kendall analysis reveals increasing trends in TWI frequency and strength that vary spatially across the domain based on season. The most widespread and strongest increasing TWI frequency and strength signal is over the central TNA from December to July. Due to the regionalization of trends noted, potential regional forcing mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
ERA5 derived trade wind inversion strength trends from 1979 to 2019, trends are calculated using Mann–Kendall tests with stippling showing statistically significant increases (red)/decreases (blue) in trade wind inversion strength. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/joc.7151 |
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ERA5 derived trade wind inversion strength trends from 1979 to 2019, trends are calculated using Mann–Kendall tests with stippling showing statistically significant increases (red)/decreases (blue) in trade wind inversion strength.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0899-8418</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0088</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/joc.7151</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Climate ; Climate models ; Climatic evolution ; Climatology ; decadal variability ; Domains ; ERA5 reanalysis ; Inversions ; Lower troposphere ; Observational studies ; Radiosondes ; Remote regions ; Resolution ; Soundings ; Spatial variability ; Spatial variations ; Stabilizing ; Strength ; trade wind inversion ; Trade winds ; Trends ; Tropical climate ; tropical climatology ; Troposphere ; Variability ; Wind</subject><ispartof>International journal of climatology, 2021-10, Vol.41 (12), p.5752-5765</ispartof><rights>2021 Royal Meteorological Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3271-f9c45361dc26d6689dc4d9cf0fee22e39ed3b44511c7de8cc1a0404dee97342a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3271-f9c45361dc26d6689dc4d9cf0fee22e39ed3b44511c7de8cc1a0404dee97342a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0290-4639 ; 0000-0002-0512-8295</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjoc.7151$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjoc.7151$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramseyer, Craig A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Paul W.</creatorcontrib><title>Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean</title><title>International journal of climatology</title><description>The trade wind inversion (TWI) serves as an important stabilizing mechanism in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, including the Caribbean basin. Previous studies have diagnosed the TWI using in situ observations and radiosondes, typically over tropical islands. However, studies relying on these point measurements are unable to discern the climatology and evolution of the TWI over the rest of the TNA. This study addresses this gap in the literature through the use of high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis model level data. Due to the advances in the ERA line of reanalysis products, ERA5 now provides vertical level resolution as fine as ~4 mb in the lower troposphere, enabling the identification of shallow inversions, such as the TWI, consistently on a climatological time scale in remote regions of the world. While still coarser than observed soundings, this reanalysis‐based approach provides a first attempt in understanding TNA TWI variability and its strength and frequency trends from 1979 to 2019. The TWI climatology constructed here finds consilience with previous modelling and observational studies in terms of the spatial variability of the TWI base and strength across this domain. Stronger and more frequent TWIs are noted across the central TNA across all seasons. Results from a Mann–Kendall analysis reveals increasing trends in TWI frequency and strength that vary spatially across the domain based on season. The most widespread and strongest increasing TWI frequency and strength signal is over the central TNA from December to July. Due to the regionalization of trends noted, potential regional forcing mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
ERA5 derived trade wind inversion strength trends from 1979 to 2019, trends are calculated using Mann–Kendall tests with stippling showing statistically significant increases (red)/decreases (blue) in trade wind inversion strength.</description><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Climatic evolution</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>decadal variability</subject><subject>Domains</subject><subject>ERA5 reanalysis</subject><subject>Inversions</subject><subject>Lower troposphere</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>Radiosondes</subject><subject>Remote regions</subject><subject>Resolution</subject><subject>Soundings</subject><subject>Spatial variability</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Stabilizing</subject><subject>Strength</subject><subject>trade wind inversion</subject><subject>Trade winds</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>tropical climatology</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Wind</subject><issn>0899-8418</issn><issn>1097-0088</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kEFLAzEQhYMoWKvgT1jw4mVrks1mk2NZ1CrFXvQc02SWpqxJTbaW_ntTK3jyNLyZ782Dh9A1wROCMb1bBzNpSE1O0Ihg2ZQYC3GKRlhIWQpGxDm6SGmNMZaS8BF6n7k0hOiM7oshgrepcL4YVpCVtlDsnLd58wUxueD_bmHzY3kJcVgV06HXfnCmWBjQvtDZ0urolsusLtFZp_sEV79zjN4e7l_bWTlfPD6103lpKtqQspOG1RUn1lBuORfSGmal6XAHQClUEmy1ZKwmxDQWhDFEY4aZBZBNxaiuxujm-HcTw-cW0qDWYRt9jlS0bgThnDKWqdsjZWJIKUKnNtF96LhXBKtDf9ll1KG_jJZHdOd62P_LqedF-8N_A9WMcYQ</recordid><startdate>202110</startdate><enddate>202110</enddate><creator>Ramseyer, Craig A.</creator><creator>Miller, Paul W.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-4639</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-8295</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202110</creationdate><title>Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean</title><author>Ramseyer, Craig A. ; Miller, Paul W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3271-f9c45361dc26d6689dc4d9cf0fee22e39ed3b44511c7de8cc1a0404dee97342a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>Climatic evolution</topic><topic>Climatology</topic><topic>decadal variability</topic><topic>Domains</topic><topic>ERA5 reanalysis</topic><topic>Inversions</topic><topic>Lower troposphere</topic><topic>Observational studies</topic><topic>Radiosondes</topic><topic>Remote regions</topic><topic>Resolution</topic><topic>Soundings</topic><topic>Spatial variability</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Stabilizing</topic><topic>Strength</topic><topic>trade wind inversion</topic><topic>Trade winds</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>tropical climatology</topic><topic>Troposphere</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Wind</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ramseyer, Craig A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Paul W.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>International journal of climatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ramseyer, Craig A.</au><au>Miller, Paul W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean</atitle><jtitle>International journal of climatology</jtitle><date>2021-10</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>5752</spage><epage>5765</epage><pages>5752-5765</pages><issn>0899-8418</issn><eissn>1097-0088</eissn><abstract>The trade wind inversion (TWI) serves as an important stabilizing mechanism in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, including the Caribbean basin. Previous studies have diagnosed the TWI using in situ observations and radiosondes, typically over tropical islands. However, studies relying on these point measurements are unable to discern the climatology and evolution of the TWI over the rest of the TNA. This study addresses this gap in the literature through the use of high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis model level data. Due to the advances in the ERA line of reanalysis products, ERA5 now provides vertical level resolution as fine as ~4 mb in the lower troposphere, enabling the identification of shallow inversions, such as the TWI, consistently on a climatological time scale in remote regions of the world. While still coarser than observed soundings, this reanalysis‐based approach provides a first attempt in understanding TNA TWI variability and its strength and frequency trends from 1979 to 2019. The TWI climatology constructed here finds consilience with previous modelling and observational studies in terms of the spatial variability of the TWI base and strength across this domain. Stronger and more frequent TWIs are noted across the central TNA across all seasons. Results from a Mann–Kendall analysis reveals increasing trends in TWI frequency and strength that vary spatially across the domain based on season. The most widespread and strongest increasing TWI frequency and strength signal is over the central TNA from December to July. Due to the regionalization of trends noted, potential regional forcing mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
ERA5 derived trade wind inversion strength trends from 1979 to 2019, trends are calculated using Mann–Kendall tests with stippling showing statistically significant increases (red)/decreases (blue) in trade wind inversion strength.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/joc.7151</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-4639</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-8295</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Climate Climate models Climatic evolution Climatology decadal variability Domains ERA5 reanalysis Inversions Lower troposphere Observational studies Radiosondes Remote regions Resolution Soundings Spatial variability Spatial variations Stabilizing Strength trade wind inversion Trade winds Trends Tropical climate tropical climatology Troposphere Variability Wind |
title | Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean |
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