The greenhouse gas emissions’ footprint and net energy ratio of utility-scale electro-chemical energy storage systems

•Bottom-up life cycle assessment models were developed for battery storage systems.•Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of five battery storage systems were evaluated.•Four different stationary applications of batteries were examined.•The Li-ion has the highest net energy ratio (NER) and lowes...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Energy conversion and management 2021-09, Vol.244, p.114497, Article 114497
Hauptverfasser:	Rahman, Md Mustafizur, Gemechu, Eskinder, Oni, Abayomi Olufemi, Kumar, Amit
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Batteries Battery Bulk energy storage Cadmium Chemical energy Cycle ratio Electric power grids Electricity Electricity distribution Electro-chemical storage Emissions Energy distribution Energy storage Environmental impact Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Ion storage Lead Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment Life cycles Lithium Lithium ions Net energy ratio Nickel Portable equipment Rechargeable batteries Renewable energy Sodium Storage batteries Storage systems Sulfur Vanadium
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