Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration

Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe 2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result wo...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-09, Vol.28 (36), p.50142-50152
Hauptverfasser: Ahn, Jun-Young, Hwang, Inseong, Park, Namsik, Park, Sung-Hyuk
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 50152
container_issue 36
container_start_page 50142
container_title Environmental science and pollution research international
container_volume 28
creator Ahn, Jun-Young
Hwang, Inseong
Park, Namsik
Park, Sung-Hyuk
description Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe 2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result would be caused by the interaction between the iron minerals and the river water in the aquifer and the influx of the hinterland groundwater into RBF wells. Dissolution properties of iron from the aquifer soils cored at the sites were evaluated through incubation experiment considering various values of redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pH). These results presented that at the incubator with the final Eh of 470 mV, DO of 3.4, and pH of 4.53, the iron from the aquifer soil was most dissolved, and the pyrite and siderite contents in the aquifer soil decreased significantly from 11.5 to 6.22% and from 50.8 to 24.5%, respectively. Based on changes of ion concentrations (such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) and iron species in the incubators, it was believed that pyrite and siderite minerals in the aquifer soils cause an increase in the Fe 2+ concentration with the absence of DO and an increase in the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ concentrations with the presence of DO. The dissolution rates of iron minerals into Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were dependent on Eh, pH, and DO and were more sensitive to Eh and pH than DO. The results of this study can provide information on RBF site selection and its operation.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2573137416</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2573137416</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-2da1f99af42204079504f338ffc30126fdc4a7c1ffa01618af32e38e43dbdbd53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtOAyEUhonR2Fp9AReGxPUoh8N0OkvTeEuauNE1oQNU6pRpYaamby91qu4Mi5PAf-F8hFwCuwHGitsIgPk4YxwyEMAgwyMyhDGIrBBleUyGrBQiAxRiQM5iXDLGWcmLUzJALHMmOAzJZqbmTVBtE3ZUeU2tM7Wmse30jjaeVu_KL0ykztNP1ZpAN52qXdtrna-CUdHsX7WLsam3Jt2G5NNdcH5Bg9uaMFf-I-XWbapxjT8nJ1bV0Vwc5oi8Pdy_Tp-y2cvj8_RullVY5G3GtQJblsoKzplgxf7DFnFibYUM-NjqSqiiAmsVSztPlEVucGIE6nk6OY7IdZ-7Ds2mM7GVy6YLPlVKnhcIWAgYJxXvVVVoYgzGynVwKxV2EpjcU5Y9ZZkoy2_KEpPp6hDdzVdG_1p-sCYB9oK43nMw4a_7n9gv5euJVQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2573137416</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Ahn, Jun-Young ; Hwang, Inseong ; Park, Namsik ; Park, Sung-Hyuk</creator><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jun-Young ; Hwang, Inseong ; Park, Namsik ; Park, Sung-Hyuk</creatorcontrib><description>Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe 2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result would be caused by the interaction between the iron minerals and the river water in the aquifer and the influx of the hinterland groundwater into RBF wells. Dissolution properties of iron from the aquifer soils cored at the sites were evaluated through incubation experiment considering various values of redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pH). These results presented that at the incubator with the final Eh of 470 mV, DO of 3.4, and pH of 4.53, the iron from the aquifer soil was most dissolved, and the pyrite and siderite contents in the aquifer soil decreased significantly from 11.5 to 6.22% and from 50.8 to 24.5%, respectively. Based on changes of ion concentrations (such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) and iron species in the incubators, it was believed that pyrite and siderite minerals in the aquifer soils cause an increase in the Fe 2+ concentration with the absence of DO and an increase in the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ concentrations with the presence of DO. The dissolution rates of iron minerals into Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were dependent on Eh, pH, and DO and were more sensitive to Eh and pH than DO. The results of this study can provide information on RBF site selection and its operation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33950421</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Aquifers ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Dissolution ; Dissolved oxygen ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Ferric ions ; Ferrous ions ; Filtration ; Groundwater ; Hydrogen ions ; Incubators ; Ion concentration ; Iron ; Laboratories ; Minerals ; pH effects ; Pyrite ; Redox potential ; Research Article ; River banks ; Rivers ; Siderite ; Site selection ; Soils ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollution Control ; Water purification ; Water Quality</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-09, Vol.28 (36), p.50142-50152</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-2da1f99af42204079504f338ffc30126fdc4a7c1ffa01618af32e38e43dbdbd53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-2da1f99af42204079504f338ffc30126fdc4a7c1ffa01618af32e38e43dbdbd53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33950421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jun-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Inseong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Namsik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sung-Hyuk</creatorcontrib><title>Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe 2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result would be caused by the interaction between the iron minerals and the river water in the aquifer and the influx of the hinterland groundwater into RBF wells. Dissolution properties of iron from the aquifer soils cored at the sites were evaluated through incubation experiment considering various values of redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pH). These results presented that at the incubator with the final Eh of 470 mV, DO of 3.4, and pH of 4.53, the iron from the aquifer soil was most dissolved, and the pyrite and siderite contents in the aquifer soil decreased significantly from 11.5 to 6.22% and from 50.8 to 24.5%, respectively. Based on changes of ion concentrations (such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) and iron species in the incubators, it was believed that pyrite and siderite minerals in the aquifer soils cause an increase in the Fe 2+ concentration with the absence of DO and an increase in the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ concentrations with the presence of DO. The dissolution rates of iron minerals into Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were dependent on Eh, pH, and DO and were more sensitive to Eh and pH than DO. The results of this study can provide information on RBF site selection and its operation.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Ferric ions</subject><subject>Ferrous ions</subject><subject>Filtration</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydrogen ions</subject><subject>Incubators</subject><subject>Ion concentration</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Pyrite</subject><subject>Redox potential</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>River banks</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Siderite</subject><subject>Site selection</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water purification</subject><subject>Water Quality</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtOAyEUhonR2Fp9AReGxPUoh8N0OkvTeEuauNE1oQNU6pRpYaamby91qu4Mi5PAf-F8hFwCuwHGitsIgPk4YxwyEMAgwyMyhDGIrBBleUyGrBQiAxRiQM5iXDLGWcmLUzJALHMmOAzJZqbmTVBtE3ZUeU2tM7Wmse30jjaeVu_KL0ykztNP1ZpAN52qXdtrna-CUdHsX7WLsam3Jt2G5NNdcH5Bg9uaMFf-I-XWbapxjT8nJ1bV0Vwc5oi8Pdy_Tp-y2cvj8_RullVY5G3GtQJblsoKzplgxf7DFnFibYUM-NjqSqiiAmsVSztPlEVucGIE6nk6OY7IdZ-7Ds2mM7GVy6YLPlVKnhcIWAgYJxXvVVVoYgzGynVwKxV2EpjcU5Y9ZZkoy2_KEpPp6hDdzVdG_1p-sCYB9oK43nMw4a_7n9gv5euJVQ</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Ahn, Jun-Young</creator><creator>Hwang, Inseong</creator><creator>Park, Namsik</creator><creator>Park, Sung-Hyuk</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration</title><author>Ahn, Jun-Young ; Hwang, Inseong ; Park, Namsik ; Park, Sung-Hyuk</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-2da1f99af42204079504f338ffc30126fdc4a7c1ffa01618af32e38e43dbdbd53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>Dissolved oxygen</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Ferric ions</topic><topic>Ferrous ions</topic><topic>Filtration</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydrogen ions</topic><topic>Incubators</topic><topic>Ion concentration</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Pyrite</topic><topic>Redox potential</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>River banks</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Siderite</topic><topic>Site selection</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><topic>Water Quality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jun-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Inseong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Namsik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sung-Hyuk</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahn, Jun-Young</au><au>Hwang, Inseong</au><au>Park, Namsik</au><au>Park, Sung-Hyuk</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>36</issue><spage>50142</spage><epage>50152</epage><pages>50142-50152</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe 2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result would be caused by the interaction between the iron minerals and the river water in the aquifer and the influx of the hinterland groundwater into RBF wells. Dissolution properties of iron from the aquifer soils cored at the sites were evaluated through incubation experiment considering various values of redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pH). These results presented that at the incubator with the final Eh of 470 mV, DO of 3.4, and pH of 4.53, the iron from the aquifer soil was most dissolved, and the pyrite and siderite contents in the aquifer soil decreased significantly from 11.5 to 6.22% and from 50.8 to 24.5%, respectively. Based on changes of ion concentrations (such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) and iron species in the incubators, it was believed that pyrite and siderite minerals in the aquifer soils cause an increase in the Fe 2+ concentration with the absence of DO and an increase in the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ concentrations with the presence of DO. The dissolution rates of iron minerals into Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were dependent on Eh, pH, and DO and were more sensitive to Eh and pH than DO. The results of this study can provide information on RBF site selection and its operation.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33950421</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0944-1344
ispartof Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-09, Vol.28 (36), p.50142-50152
issn 0944-1344
1614-7499
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_2573137416
source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings
subjects Aquatic Pollution
Aquifers
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Dissolution
Dissolved oxygen
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Ferric ions
Ferrous ions
Filtration
Groundwater
Hydrogen ions
Incubators
Ion concentration
Iron
Laboratories
Minerals
pH effects
Pyrite
Redox potential
Research Article
River banks
Rivers
Siderite
Site selection
Soils
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution Control
Water purification
Water Quality
title Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-12T15%3A49%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Laboratory%20and%20field%20study%20on%20changes%20in%20water%20quality%20and%20increase%20in%20dissolved%20iron%20during%20riverbank%20filtration&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Ahn,%20Jun-Young&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=50142&rft.epage=50152&rft.pages=50142-50152&rft.issn=0944-1344&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2573137416%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2573137416&rft_id=info:pmid/33950421&rfr_iscdi=true