Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal
We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. ð¼ð'3ð'', a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Optical materials express 2021-09, Vol.11 (9), p.2938 |
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| creator | Alles, Adrian Pan, Zhongben Loiko, Pavel Serres, Josep Maria Slimi, Sami Yingming, Shawuti Tang, Kaiyang Wang, Yicheng Zhao, Yongguang Dunina, Elena Kornienko, Alexey Camy, Patrice Chen, Weidong Wang, Li Griebner, Uwe Petrov, Valentin Solé, Rosa Maria Aguiló, Magdalena Díaz, Francesc Mateos, Xavier |
| description | We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. ð¼ð'3ð'', a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1364/OME.435238 |
| format | Article |
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The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. ð¼ð'3ð'', a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2159-3930</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1364/OME.435238</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Optical Society of America</publisher><subject>Broadband ; Calcium ; Crystal growth ; Crystal structure ; Czochralski method ; Femtosecond pulses ; Gallium ; Lasers ; Lattice sites ; Lattice vacancies ; Lithium ; Parameter modification ; Raman spectroscopy ; Rietveld method ; Tantalum ; Thermal conductivity ; Transition probabilities</subject><ispartof>Optical materials express, 2021-09, Vol.11 (9), p.2938</ispartof><rights>Copyright Optical Society of America Sep 1, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alles, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Zhongben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loiko, Pavel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serres, Josep Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slimi, Sami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yingming, Shawuti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Kaiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yongguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunina, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kornienko, Alexey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camy, Patrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griebner, Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrov, Valentin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solé, Rosa Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aguiló, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Díaz, Francesc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateos, Xavier</creatorcontrib><title>Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal</title><title>Optical materials express</title><description>We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. ð¼ð'3ð'', a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation.</description><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Crystal growth</subject><subject>Crystal structure</subject><subject>Czochralski method</subject><subject>Femtosecond pulses</subject><subject>Gallium</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Lattice sites</subject><subject>Lattice vacancies</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Parameter modification</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Rietveld method</subject><subject>Tantalum</subject><subject>Thermal conductivity</subject><subject>Transition probabilities</subject><issn>2159-3930</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotjV1LwzAYhYMgOOZu_AUFbxTpTN436ZLdSdmqUBlIvR4hSbUj_bBJBf-99ePcPOfmOYeQK0bXDDN-f3jerTkKQHlGFsCESlEhvSCrEE50jshAAizIS9XiXWr7wdnEaG-aqU18E99_GHUXtZ_Lm_a--eXYuZjcVO02L6uiuN0mXf_pfOJ1cGNixq8wC5fkvNY-uNU_l-R1v6vyx7Q8FE_5Q5kOjKuYQs0dGrHJHHNKWyYAlDECVC1rjZqB4cjRoqCUUcckZQ6tsAwt18DB4JJc_-0OY_8xuRCPp34au_nyCGLDuFRSZPgNwXdNyQ</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Alles, Adrian</creator><creator>Pan, Zhongben</creator><creator>Loiko, Pavel</creator><creator>Serres, Josep Maria</creator><creator>Slimi, Sami</creator><creator>Yingming, Shawuti</creator><creator>Tang, Kaiyang</creator><creator>Wang, Yicheng</creator><creator>Zhao, Yongguang</creator><creator>Dunina, Elena</creator><creator>Kornienko, Alexey</creator><creator>Camy, Patrice</creator><creator>Chen, Weidong</creator><creator>Wang, Li</creator><creator>Griebner, Uwe</creator><creator>Petrov, Valentin</creator><creator>Solé, Rosa Maria</creator><creator>Aguiló, Magdalena</creator><creator>Díaz, Francesc</creator><creator>Mateos, Xavier</creator><general>Optical Society of America</general><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal</title><author>Alles, Adrian ; Pan, Zhongben ; Loiko, Pavel ; Serres, Josep Maria ; Slimi, Sami ; Yingming, Shawuti ; Tang, Kaiyang ; Wang, Yicheng ; Zhao, Yongguang ; Dunina, Elena ; Kornienko, Alexey ; Camy, Patrice ; Chen, Weidong ; Wang, Li ; Griebner, Uwe ; Petrov, Valentin ; Solé, Rosa Maria ; Aguiló, Magdalena ; Díaz, Francesc ; Mateos, Xavier</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p149t-2f4e3c576e1e9ad15229cc529f8fa3a12c4343d350010e1801e3d5d13d4a242c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Crystal growth</topic><topic>Crystal structure</topic><topic>Czochralski method</topic><topic>Femtosecond pulses</topic><topic>Gallium</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Lattice sites</topic><topic>Lattice vacancies</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Parameter modification</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Rietveld method</topic><topic>Tantalum</topic><topic>Thermal conductivity</topic><topic>Transition probabilities</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alles, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Zhongben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loiko, Pavel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serres, Josep Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slimi, Sami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yingming, Shawuti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Kaiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yongguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunina, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kornienko, Alexey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camy, Patrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griebner, Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrov, Valentin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solé, Rosa Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aguiló, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Díaz, Francesc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateos, Xavier</creatorcontrib><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Optical materials express</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alles, Adrian</au><au>Pan, Zhongben</au><au>Loiko, Pavel</au><au>Serres, Josep Maria</au><au>Slimi, Sami</au><au>Yingming, Shawuti</au><au>Tang, Kaiyang</au><au>Wang, Yicheng</au><au>Zhao, Yongguang</au><au>Dunina, Elena</au><au>Kornienko, Alexey</au><au>Camy, Patrice</au><au>Chen, Weidong</au><au>Wang, Li</au><au>Griebner, Uwe</au><au>Petrov, Valentin</au><au>Solé, Rosa Maria</au><au>Aguiló, Magdalena</au><au>Díaz, Francesc</au><au>Mateos, Xavier</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal</atitle><jtitle>Optical materials express</jtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2938</spage><pages>2938-</pages><eissn>2159-3930</eissn><abstract>We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. ð¼ð'3ð'', a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation.</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Optical Society of America</pub><doi>10.1364/OME.435238</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Broadband Calcium Crystal growth Crystal structure Czochralski method Femtosecond pulses Gallium Lasers Lattice sites Lattice vacancies Lithium Parameter modification Raman spectroscopy Rietveld method Tantalum Thermal conductivity Transition probabilities |
| title | Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal |
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