Improving mathematics learning of geometry through the concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) approach: collaborative action research

The purpose of this research is: 1) describe the steps in the application of the CPA approach, 2) improve mathematics learning through of geometry the CPA approach, and 3) analyze the constraints and solutions of applying the CPA approach. This research is a collaborative classroom action research conducted in two cycles. The subjects were teachers, and students of class IV amounted to 21 students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and tests. The validity of the data uses the triangulation of methods and sources. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that: 1) the application of the CPA approach to improve mathematics learning about the circumference and width of the flat structure was carried out with the steps of a) concrete, b) pictorial, c) abstract; 2) the application of the CPA approach can improve mathematics learning based on observations and test cycles I and II; and 3) constraints in applying the CPA approach is that the teacher directly demonstrates abstract situation measurement and has not shown modeling of abstract situation measurement to all students, while the solution is to explain examples of abstract situations to students first then explain how to measure abstractly.