A Modern Methodology Enabling Smart Agricultural System

Agriculture is the backbone of our country. However, in spite of all the development, Indians still follow the old methods. It is necessary for the farmers to have knowledge of the amounts of the macronutrients and micronutrients present in the soil. Lab testing method will not be able to visualize the soil nutrients for the live monitoring. This project is intended to provide the soil testing services at farmers door step by determining the amount of macronutrients present in the soil. Measurement of NPK contents of the soil is necessary to decide how much extra contents of these nutrients are to be added in the soil to increase crop fertility. This will improve the quality of the soil which in turn yields a good quality crop. To fulfill increasing demand of growing population over the years there is a need of increase in food production. To increase crop yield, fertilizers containing predominantly N, P and K are essential. Improper use of fertilizers in turn results in poor quality of fruits and vegetables, lagging in colour, size, taste and even quantity. Over-application of fertilizers has caused low fertilizer usage efficiency, resulting in low agricultural product quality, serious environmental pollution, etc. Quantity of NPK is dependent on crop type and on plant growth status. How much quantity of fertilizer to be used is further dependent on present contents of NPK in the soil. The project is implemented using a technology called WUSN which is used to detect the amount of NPK present in the soil and an automatic soil fertilizer dispensing robot is used to dispense only the required amount of fertilizers in the soil based on the data obtained by the sensors.