Study of galaxy clusters as standard bucket using Chandra X-ray satellite data

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive structures in the Universe, confined together in gravitationally bound systems with typical mass in the range of 1013 M⊙−1015 M⊙. Clusters of galaxies may be considered as self-similar, meaning that the properties of low mass clusters can be scaled up from the properties of more massive clusters, and vice versa. Clusters of galaxies have been thought to have standard mass fraction of gas, independent of their redshifts or total masses, and therefore proposed to be used as "standard buckets".The purpose of this work is to check the validity of clusters of galaxies as standard buckets by studying larger sample than those analysed by Mantz et al. (2014). The data set employed here consists of Chandra observations of 47 relaxed clusters at redshift 0.069 ≤ z ≤ 1.063. The results of this study show that compared to the differential gas fraction (fgas,diff), the cumulative gas mass fractions (fgas,2500) of the total sample of clusters are less dependent to the total mass M2500 and redshift. Relation between gas mass fraction and total mass M2500 suggests that massive clusters are more reliable to be used as standard buckets.