Hydraulics and Turbidity Generation in the Milandre Cave (Switzerland)
Karst aquifers may convey significant sediment fluxes, as displayed by the intense turbidity peaks commonly observed at karst springs. The understanding of the origin of the suspended solids discharged at springs is key in assessing spring vulnerability and securing drinking water quality. The mecha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water resources research 2021-08, Vol.57 (8), p.n/a |
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| description | Karst aquifers may convey significant sediment fluxes, as displayed by the intense turbidity peaks commonly observed at karst springs. The understanding of the origin of the suspended solids discharged at springs is key in assessing spring vulnerability and securing drinking water quality. The mechanisms for turbidity generation and sediment transport in karst are however difficult to investigate because of the general lack of access to the karst conduits. These processes have been examined in the Milandre Cave, which hosts a karst drain of regional importance, for more than 10 years by means of turbidity monitoring both inside and at the outlets of this karst system. Additionally, the composition of the suspended load (particle‐size distribution and Escherichia coli content) has been monitored over the course of a flood event. These data are compared against a numerical simulation of the mean boundary shear stress inside the conduit network. The following conceptual model for sediment transport through the system is derived: during minor flood events, most of the turbidity comes from underground sediment remobilization, while during medium to intense flood events, soil‐derived turbidity also reaches the spring. Hydraulics in the epiphreatic zone is tightly linked with autochthonous turbidity generation (mostly during the flooding and the flushing of conduits). In comparison, allochthonous turbidity is associated with finer particles, higher E. coli, and higher UV fluorescence. This improves the overall understanding of turbidity generation and could help the monitoring and forecast of pollution events at drinking water supplies.
Key Points
Based on long‐term monitoring and numerical modeling a conceptual model for turbidity generation in the Milandre karst aquifer is proposed
Turbidity peaks originating from soil erosion (allochthonous) and from karst sediment remobilization (autochthonous) have been distinguished
The flooding and the emptying of epiphreatic conduits are pointed out as main mechanisms for autochthonous turbidity generation |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2020WR029550 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Based on long‐term monitoring and numerical modeling a conceptual model for turbidity generation in the Milandre karst aquifer is proposed
Turbidity peaks originating from soil erosion (allochthonous) and from karst sediment remobilization (autochthonous) have been distinguished
The flooding and the emptying of epiphreatic conduits are pointed out as main mechanisms for autochthonous turbidity generation</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1397</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7973</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2020WR029550</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Allochthonous deposits ; Aquifers ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Conduits ; Drinking water ; E coli ; Escherichia coli ; Flooding ; Floods ; Fluid flow ; Fluorescence ; Galeorhinus galeus ; groundwater ; Hydraulics ; Jura Mountains ; Karst ; Karst springs ; Load distribution ; Mathematical models ; Numerical simulations ; Particle size distribution ; Pollution forecasting ; Pollution monitoring ; Sediment ; Sediment transport ; Shear stress ; Size distribution ; Solid suspensions ; Spring ; Stress concentration ; Suspended load ; Suspended particulate matter ; Suspended solids ; Switzerland ; Turbidity ; Vulnerability ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water springs ; Water supply</subject><ispartof>Water resources research, 2021-08, Vol.57 (8), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2021. The Authors.</rights><rights>2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-815dc56a05764742307bad231121b220495a365ccb1d12d6984b66789f3162ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-815dc56a05764742307bad231121b220495a365ccb1d12d6984b66789f3162ec3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8870-5459</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2020WR029550$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2020WR029550$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46443,46867</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vuilleumier, Cécile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessenauer, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrochet, Pierre</creatorcontrib><title>Hydraulics and Turbidity Generation in the Milandre Cave (Switzerland)</title><title>Water resources research</title><description>Karst aquifers may convey significant sediment fluxes, as displayed by the intense turbidity peaks commonly observed at karst springs. The understanding of the origin of the suspended solids discharged at springs is key in assessing spring vulnerability and securing drinking water quality. The mechanisms for turbidity generation and sediment transport in karst are however difficult to investigate because of the general lack of access to the karst conduits. These processes have been examined in the Milandre Cave, which hosts a karst drain of regional importance, for more than 10 years by means of turbidity monitoring both inside and at the outlets of this karst system. Additionally, the composition of the suspended load (particle‐size distribution and Escherichia coli content) has been monitored over the course of a flood event. These data are compared against a numerical simulation of the mean boundary shear stress inside the conduit network. The following conceptual model for sediment transport through the system is derived: during minor flood events, most of the turbidity comes from underground sediment remobilization, while during medium to intense flood events, soil‐derived turbidity also reaches the spring. Hydraulics in the epiphreatic zone is tightly linked with autochthonous turbidity generation (mostly during the flooding and the flushing of conduits). In comparison, allochthonous turbidity is associated with finer particles, higher E. coli, and higher UV fluorescence. This improves the overall understanding of turbidity generation and could help the monitoring and forecast of pollution events at drinking water supplies.
Key Points
Based on long‐term monitoring and numerical modeling a conceptual model for turbidity generation in the Milandre karst aquifer is proposed
Turbidity peaks originating from soil erosion (allochthonous) and from karst sediment remobilization (autochthonous) have been distinguished
The flooding and the emptying of epiphreatic conduits are pointed out as main mechanisms for autochthonous turbidity generation</description><subject>Allochthonous deposits</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Computational fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Conduits</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Flooding</subject><subject>Floods</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Galeorhinus galeus</subject><subject>groundwater</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Jura Mountains</subject><subject>Karst</subject><subject>Karst springs</subject><subject>Load distribution</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Numerical simulations</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Pollution forecasting</subject><subject>Pollution monitoring</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediment transport</subject><subject>Shear stress</subject><subject>Size distribution</subject><subject>Solid suspensions</subject><subject>Spring</subject><subject>Stress concentration</subject><subject>Suspended load</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Suspended solids</subject><subject>Switzerland</subject><subject>Turbidity</subject><subject>Vulnerability</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water springs</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><issn>0043-1397</issn><issn>1944-7973</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNp90E1Lw0AQBuBFFKzVmz9gwYuC0dnv7FGCbYWKUCs9Lptki1tiUjeJJf56t9SDJ08zDA_vwIvQJYE7AlTfU6CwWsRNCDhCI6I5T5RW7BiNADhLCNPqFJ217QaAcCHVCE1mQxlsX_mixbYu8bIPuS99N-Cpq12wnW9q7GvcvTv87KtIgsOZ_XL4-nXnu28X9rebc3SytlXrLn7nGL1NHpfZLJm_TJ-yh3limUwhSYkoCyEtCCW54pSBym1JGSGU5JQC1yJCURQ5KQktpU55LqVK9ZoRSV3BxujqkLsNzWfv2s5smj7U8aWhQvKIUk2juj2oIjRtG9zabIP_sGEwBMy-KfO3qcjZge985YZ_rVktsgUVnAH7AdocZ2o</recordid><startdate>202108</startdate><enddate>202108</enddate><creator>Vuilleumier, Cécile</creator><creator>Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves</creator><creator>Hessenauer, Marc</creator><creator>Perrochet, Pierre</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-5459</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202108</creationdate><title>Hydraulics and Turbidity Generation in the Milandre Cave (Switzerland)</title><author>Vuilleumier, Cécile ; Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves ; Hessenauer, Marc ; Perrochet, Pierre</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3680-815dc56a05764742307bad231121b220495a365ccb1d12d6984b66789f3162ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Allochthonous deposits</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Computational fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Conduits</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Flooding</topic><topic>Floods</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Galeorhinus galeus</topic><topic>groundwater</topic><topic>Hydraulics</topic><topic>Jura Mountains</topic><topic>Karst</topic><topic>Karst springs</topic><topic>Load distribution</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Numerical simulations</topic><topic>Particle size distribution</topic><topic>Pollution forecasting</topic><topic>Pollution monitoring</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediment transport</topic><topic>Shear stress</topic><topic>Size distribution</topic><topic>Solid suspensions</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Stress concentration</topic><topic>Suspended load</topic><topic>Suspended particulate matter</topic><topic>Suspended solids</topic><topic>Switzerland</topic><topic>Turbidity</topic><topic>Vulnerability</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water springs</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vuilleumier, Cécile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessenauer, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrochet, Pierre</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vuilleumier, Cécile</au><au>Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves</au><au>Hessenauer, Marc</au><au>Perrochet, Pierre</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hydraulics and Turbidity Generation in the Milandre Cave (Switzerland)</atitle><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle><date>2021-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>8</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0043-1397</issn><eissn>1944-7973</eissn><abstract>Karst aquifers may convey significant sediment fluxes, as displayed by the intense turbidity peaks commonly observed at karst springs. The understanding of the origin of the suspended solids discharged at springs is key in assessing spring vulnerability and securing drinking water quality. The mechanisms for turbidity generation and sediment transport in karst are however difficult to investigate because of the general lack of access to the karst conduits. These processes have been examined in the Milandre Cave, which hosts a karst drain of regional importance, for more than 10 years by means of turbidity monitoring both inside and at the outlets of this karst system. Additionally, the composition of the suspended load (particle‐size distribution and Escherichia coli content) has been monitored over the course of a flood event. These data are compared against a numerical simulation of the mean boundary shear stress inside the conduit network. The following conceptual model for sediment transport through the system is derived: during minor flood events, most of the turbidity comes from underground sediment remobilization, while during medium to intense flood events, soil‐derived turbidity also reaches the spring. Hydraulics in the epiphreatic zone is tightly linked with autochthonous turbidity generation (mostly during the flooding and the flushing of conduits). In comparison, allochthonous turbidity is associated with finer particles, higher E. coli, and higher UV fluorescence. This improves the overall understanding of turbidity generation and could help the monitoring and forecast of pollution events at drinking water supplies.
Key Points
Based on long‐term monitoring and numerical modeling a conceptual model for turbidity generation in the Milandre karst aquifer is proposed
Turbidity peaks originating from soil erosion (allochthonous) and from karst sediment remobilization (autochthonous) have been distinguished
The flooding and the emptying of epiphreatic conduits are pointed out as main mechanisms for autochthonous turbidity generation</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2020WR029550</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-5459</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allochthonous deposits Aquifers Computational fluid dynamics Conduits Drinking water E coli Escherichia coli Flooding Floods Fluid flow Fluorescence Galeorhinus galeus groundwater Hydraulics Jura Mountains Karst Karst springs Load distribution Mathematical models Numerical simulations Particle size distribution Pollution forecasting Pollution monitoring Sediment Sediment transport Shear stress Size distribution Solid suspensions Spring Stress concentration Suspended load Suspended particulate matter Suspended solids Switzerland Turbidity Vulnerability Water pollution Water quality Water springs Water supply |
| title | Hydraulics and Turbidity Generation in the Milandre Cave (Switzerland) |
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