Electrochemical Techniques-Based approaches for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection: Last Decade Review

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is a common airborne infectious disease that leads to millions of deaths every year worldwide. It is still one of the top ten causes of death and the victims of TB are more than HIV/AIDS in 2017. Traditional approaches for MTB detection are either take a long time, unreliable or high cost. The electrochemical techniques (ECTs) as improved and inexpensive approaches to detect the MTB. Many of ECTs were used in MTB detection such as differential pulse voltammetric (DPV), cyclic voltammetric (CV), square wave voltammetric (SWV), amperometric and impedimetric. Principle of the MTB detection using ECTs depends on DNA hybridization of the MTB on the working electrode of ECTs. The researchers developed biosensors or aptasensors and used them for ECTs analyzing to detect the MTB. They developed various biosensors from various composite and DNA probes but all the developed composite of the biosensors were used to coat the electrodes that used in ECTs. Many types of electrodes and electrolytes were used in MTB detection. The most used ECTs in MTB detection is DPV and CV while the least used is amperometric. The ECTs for MTB detection achieved high sensitivity, reliability, low detection time and very low detection limits.