Optimization of Continuous Electro-Fenton and Photo electro-Fenton Processes to Treat Iraqi Oilfield Produced Water Using Surface Response Methodology
Considerable amounts of produced water (PW) is usually accompanied with the production of oil. Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton proce...
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description | Considerable amounts of produced water (PW) is usually accompanied with the production of oil. Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton processes was investigated using dimensionally stable anode Ti-RuO2/IrO2 and activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) cathode. The effect of crucial process variables, namely, initial ferrous ions concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), current intensity (100-500 mA), and residence time (22-81 minutes) on the removal efficiency of COD was studied using contour and response surface plots. The experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple response optimization for continuous EF experiments reveals that at optimum conditions (initial ferrous ion concentration of 0.306 mM, current intensity of 156.6 mA, and residence time of 81.0 min) the COD removal efficiency was 73.33% and electrical energy consumption was 0.901 kWh/kg COD. Improvement of continuous EF process was investigated using UVA irradiation (Photoelectron-Fenton). It was found that COD removal efficiency for continuous EF was increased to 81.1% and 86.0% when using one and two UVA lamps (3 Watt each) respectively. It is concluded that EF is an effective process for treating produced water and further improvement can be achieved by photo assisting the process. |
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Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton processes was investigated using dimensionally stable anode Ti-RuO2/IrO2 and activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) cathode. The effect of crucial process variables, namely, initial ferrous ions concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), current intensity (100-500 mA), and residence time (22-81 minutes) on the removal efficiency of COD was studied using contour and response surface plots. The experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple response optimization for continuous EF experiments reveals that at optimum conditions (initial ferrous ion concentration of 0.306 mM, current intensity of 156.6 mA, and residence time of 81.0 min) the COD removal efficiency was 73.33% and electrical energy consumption was 0.901 kWh/kg COD. Improvement of continuous EF process was investigated using UVA irradiation (Photoelectron-Fenton). It was found that COD removal efficiency for continuous EF was increased to 81.1% and 86.0% when using one and two UVA lamps (3 Watt each) respectively. It is concluded that EF is an effective process for treating produced water and further improvement can be achieved by photo assisting the process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1757-8981</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1757-899X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/518/6/062007</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Anode effect ; Carbon fibers ; COD removal ; Dimensionally stable anodes ; Efficiency ; Electro-Fenton ; Energy consumption ; Ferrous ions ; Ion concentration ; Oil field equipment ; Oil fields ; Optimization ; Photoelectron-Fenton ; Photoelectrons ; Pollutants ; Process variables ; Produced water ; Residence time distribution ; Response surface methodology ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering, 2019-05, Vol.518 (6), p.62007</ispartof><rights>Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2019. 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Materials Science and Engineering</title><addtitle>IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng</addtitle><description>Considerable amounts of produced water (PW) is usually accompanied with the production of oil. Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton processes was investigated using dimensionally stable anode Ti-RuO2/IrO2 and activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) cathode. The effect of crucial process variables, namely, initial ferrous ions concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), current intensity (100-500 mA), and residence time (22-81 minutes) on the removal efficiency of COD was studied using contour and response surface plots. The experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple response optimization for continuous EF experiments reveals that at optimum conditions (initial ferrous ion concentration of 0.306 mM, current intensity of 156.6 mA, and residence time of 81.0 min) the COD removal efficiency was 73.33% and electrical energy consumption was 0.901 kWh/kg COD. Improvement of continuous EF process was investigated using UVA irradiation (Photoelectron-Fenton). It was found that COD removal efficiency for continuous EF was increased to 81.1% and 86.0% when using one and two UVA lamps (3 Watt each) respectively. It is concluded that EF is an effective process for treating produced water and further improvement can be achieved by photo assisting the process.</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Anode effect</subject><subject>Carbon fibers</subject><subject>COD removal</subject><subject>Dimensionally stable anodes</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Electro-Fenton</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Ferrous ions</subject><subject>Ion concentration</subject><subject>Oil field equipment</subject><subject>Oil fields</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Photoelectron-Fenton</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Process variables</subject><subject>Produced water</subject><subject>Residence time distribution</subject><subject>Response surface methodology</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1757-8981</issn><issn>1757-899X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV9LwzAUxYsoOP98BQn44ktd0qZp-ihj04Fjwz_oW0ibG83omi5JH-YH8fPaMZkIgk_3wu-ce-GcKLog-Jpgzockz_KYF8XrMCN8yIaYJRjnB9FgDw73OyfH0Yn3S4xZTikeRJ_zNpiV-ZDB2AZZjUa2CabpbOfRuIYqOBtPoAk9lI1Ci3cbLILfYOFsBd6DRz17ciADmjq5Nmhuam2gVluF6ipQ6EUGcOjZm-YNPXZOywrQA_jWNh7QDMK7Vba2b5uz6EjL2sP59zyNnifjp9FdfD-_nY5u7uOKUhrikmc6Z5jqLCcllAUvMK-oVoxkKaOcMpqwkiUlTvIqK3BCZZpKolLgGUlLxdPT6HJ3t3V23YEPYmk71_QvRZIxgjFJGe5VbKeqnPXegRatMyvpNoJgse1AbOMV26hF34FgYtdBb0x2RmPbn8v_mq7-MM0ex79kolU6_QITT5gP</recordid><startdate>20190501</startdate><enddate>20190501</enddate><creator>Al-Khafaji, Rand Q.</creator><creator>Mohammed, Abdul Halim A-K</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190501</creationdate><title>Optimization of Continuous Electro-Fenton and Photo electro-Fenton Processes to Treat Iraqi Oilfield Produced Water Using Surface Response Methodology</title><author>Al-Khafaji, Rand Q. ; Mohammed, Abdul Halim A-K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-b85f7604f571beb98908c4fd615364846426b62b027c59024a33a1d3e8513bd83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Anode effect</topic><topic>Carbon fibers</topic><topic>COD removal</topic><topic>Dimensionally stable anodes</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Electro-Fenton</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Ferrous ions</topic><topic>Ion concentration</topic><topic>Oil field equipment</topic><topic>Oil fields</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Photoelectron-Fenton</topic><topic>Photoelectrons</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Process variables</topic><topic>Produced water</topic><topic>Residence time distribution</topic><topic>Response surface methodology</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Al-Khafaji, Rand Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammed, Abdul Halim A-K</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><jtitle>IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Al-Khafaji, Rand Q.</au><au>Mohammed, Abdul Halim A-K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optimization of Continuous Electro-Fenton and Photo electro-Fenton Processes to Treat Iraqi Oilfield Produced Water Using Surface Response Methodology</atitle><jtitle>IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering</jtitle><addtitle>IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng</addtitle><date>2019-05-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>518</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>62007</spage><pages>62007-</pages><issn>1757-8981</issn><eissn>1757-899X</eissn><abstract>Considerable amounts of produced water (PW) is usually accompanied with the production of oil. Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton processes was investigated using dimensionally stable anode Ti-RuO2/IrO2 and activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) cathode. The effect of crucial process variables, namely, initial ferrous ions concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), current intensity (100-500 mA), and residence time (22-81 minutes) on the removal efficiency of COD was studied using contour and response surface plots. The experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple response optimization for continuous EF experiments reveals that at optimum conditions (initial ferrous ion concentration of 0.306 mM, current intensity of 156.6 mA, and residence time of 81.0 min) the COD removal efficiency was 73.33% and electrical energy consumption was 0.901 kWh/kg COD. Improvement of continuous EF process was investigated using UVA irradiation (Photoelectron-Fenton). 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subjects | Activated carbon Anode effect Carbon fibers COD removal Dimensionally stable anodes Efficiency Electro-Fenton Energy consumption Ferrous ions Ion concentration Oil field equipment Oil fields Optimization Photoelectron-Fenton Photoelectrons Pollutants Process variables Produced water Residence time distribution Response surface methodology Variance analysis |
title | Optimization of Continuous Electro-Fenton and Photo electro-Fenton Processes to Treat Iraqi Oilfield Produced Water Using Surface Response Methodology |
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