High expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2

Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical...

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Veröffentlicht in:Archives of microbiology 2021-09, Vol.203 (7), p.4101-4112
Hauptverfasser: AKSU, Didem, DIALLO, Mamadou Malick, ŞAHAR, Umut, UYANIKER, Tayyibe ALPAY, OZDEMIR, Guven
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container_title Archives of microbiology
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description Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO 3 , NH 4 NO 3 ) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. Toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, terephthalate 1,2 dioxygenase, and phthalate 4,5 dioxygenase genes were detected in the genomic DNA of 3a2. The induction of ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was proportional to the concentration of each hydrocarbon. This study showed that the isolate 3a2 can produce terephthalate and phthalate during the para-toluic acid biodegradation, which were also degraded after 24 h.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3
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It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO 3 , NH 4 NO 3 ) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. 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subjects Acids
Ammonium nitrate
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biodegradation
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Comamonas testosteroni
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Dioxygenase
DNA
Ecology
Ethylene glycol
Gene expression
Genes
Gram-negative bacteria
Hazardous wastes
Industrial pollution
Industrial wastes
Industrial wastewater
Life Sciences
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Nitrogen sources
Original Paper
Peptones
Petrochemicals
Petrochemicals industry
Phthalates
Phthalic acid
Pollutants
Terephthalate
Terephthalic acid
Toluic acid
Urea
Wastewater
Yeast
Yeasts
title High expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2
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