High expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2
Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical...
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description | Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of
Comamonas testosteroni
strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. Toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, terephthalate 1,2 dioxygenase, and phthalate 4,5 dioxygenase genes were detected in the genomic DNA of 3a2. The induction of ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was proportional to the concentration of each hydrocarbon. This study showed that the isolate 3a2 can produce terephthalate and phthalate during the para-toluic acid biodegradation, which were also degraded after 24 h. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3 |
format | Article |
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Comamonas testosteroni
strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. Toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, terephthalate 1,2 dioxygenase, and phthalate 4,5 dioxygenase genes were detected in the genomic DNA of 3a2. The induction of ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was proportional to the concentration of each hydrocarbon. This study showed that the isolate 3a2 can produce terephthalate and phthalate during the para-toluic acid biodegradation, which were also degraded after 24 h.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0302-8933</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-072X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acids ; Ammonium nitrate ; Bacteria ; Biochemistry ; Biodegradation ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Cell Biology ; Comamonas testosteroni ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Dioxygenase ; DNA ; Ecology ; Ethylene glycol ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Gram-negative bacteria ; Hazardous wastes ; Industrial pollution ; Industrial wastes ; Industrial wastewater ; Life Sciences ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbiology ; Nitrogen sources ; Original Paper ; Peptones ; Petrochemicals ; Petrochemicals industry ; Phthalates ; Phthalic acid ; Pollutants ; Terephthalate ; Terephthalic acid ; Toluic acid ; Urea ; Wastewater ; Yeast ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>Archives of microbiology, 2021-09, Vol.203 (7), p.4101-4112</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-4039f96204b0ebe6472c1835464b08731c0b83ee9fe9ea6d5c763d50b4a334bf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-4039f96204b0ebe6472c1835464b08731c0b83ee9fe9ea6d5c763d50b4a334bf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2200-6986 ; 0000-0002-4733-8004 ; 0000-0001-8264-2960 ; 0000-0002-7577-4233 ; 0000-0002-7184-4011</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>AKSU, Didem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DIALLO, Mamadou Malick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ŞAHAR, Umut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>UYANIKER, Tayyibe ALPAY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OZDEMIR, Guven</creatorcontrib><title>High expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2</title><title>Archives of microbiology</title><addtitle>Arch Microbiol</addtitle><description>Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of
Comamonas testosteroni
strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. Toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, terephthalate 1,2 dioxygenase, and phthalate 4,5 dioxygenase genes were detected in the genomic DNA of 3a2. The induction of ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was proportional to the concentration of each hydrocarbon. This study showed that the isolate 3a2 can produce terephthalate and phthalate during the para-toluic acid biodegradation, which were also degraded after 24 h.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Ammonium nitrate</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Comamonas testosteroni</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Dioxygenase</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ethylene glycol</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Gram-negative bacteria</subject><subject>Hazardous wastes</subject><subject>Industrial pollution</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Industrial wastewater</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Nitrogen 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expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2</title><author>AKSU, Didem ; DIALLO, Mamadou Malick ; ŞAHAR, Umut ; UYANIKER, Tayyibe ALPAY ; OZDEMIR, Guven</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-4039f96204b0ebe6472c1835464b08731c0b83ee9fe9ea6d5c763d50b4a334bf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Ammonium nitrate</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Comamonas testosteroni</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Dioxygenase</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ethylene glycol</topic><topic>Gene 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microbiology</jtitle><stitle>Arch Microbiol</stitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>203</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>4101</spage><epage>4112</epage><pages>4101-4112</pages><issn>0302-8933</issn><eissn>1432-072X</eissn><abstract>Para-toluic acid, a major pollutant in industrial wastewater, is hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria are among the most effective degraders of para-toluic acid. In this study, the ability of
Comamonas testosteroni
strain 3a2, isolated from a petrochemical industry wastewater, to degrade para-toluic acid was investigated. The effect of different carbon (glucose and ethylene glycol) and nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, peptone, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
) on the biodegradation of para-toluic acid by the isolate 3a2 was evaluated. Furthermore, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were amplified by PCR and their expression was evaluated during the biodegradation of para-toluic acid. The results indicated that strain 3a2 was able to degrade up to 1000 mg/L of para-toluic acid after 14 h. The highest degradation yield was recorded in the presence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. However, the formation of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid was noted during para-toluic acid degradation by the isolate 3a2. Toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, terephthalate 1,2 dioxygenase, and phthalate 4,5 dioxygenase genes were detected in the genomic DNA of 3a2. The induction of ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was proportional to the concentration of each hydrocarbon. This study showed that the isolate 3a2 can produce terephthalate and phthalate during the para-toluic acid biodegradation, which were also degraded after 24 h.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00203-021-02395-3</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-6986</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-8004</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-2960</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4233</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-4011</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acids Ammonium nitrate Bacteria Biochemistry Biodegradation Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Cell Biology Comamonas testosteroni Deoxyribonucleic acid Dioxygenase DNA Ecology Ethylene glycol Gene expression Genes Gram-negative bacteria Hazardous wastes Industrial pollution Industrial wastes Industrial wastewater Life Sciences Microbial Ecology Microbiology Nitrogen sources Original Paper Peptones Petrochemicals Petrochemicals industry Phthalates Phthalic acid Pollutants Terephthalate Terephthalic acid Toluic acid Urea Wastewater Yeast Yeasts |
title | High expression of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes ensure efficient degradation of p-toluate, phthalate, and terephthalate by Comamonas testosteroni strain 3a2 |
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