Origin of surface ridging in Ti-6Al-4V sheets produced by pack rolling and its effect on microstructural and mechanical properties

•High strength difference between Ti-6Al-4 V and S45C caused plastic flow in Ti-6Al-4 V.•Localized and uneven flow is the main mechanism responsible for surface ridging.•Choosing materials with low strength differences can reduce surface ridging.•Rolling temperature must be below the critical temper...

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