PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization
To meet the increasing demand for high-speed communication in VLSI (very large-scale integration) systems, next-generation high-speed data transmission standards (e.g., IEEE 802.3bs and PCIe 6.0) will adopt four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) for data coding. Although PAM-4 is spectrally e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems 2021/08/01, Vol.E104.D(8), pp.1138-1145 |
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| container_title | IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems |
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| creator | IIJIMA, Yosuke TAYA, Keigo YUMINAKA, Yasushi |
| description | To meet the increasing demand for high-speed communication in VLSI (very large-scale integration) systems, next-generation high-speed data transmission standards (e.g., IEEE 802.3bs and PCIe 6.0) will adopt four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) for data coding. Although PAM-4 is spectrally efficient to mitigate inter-symbol interference caused by bandwidth-limited wired channels, it is more sensitive than conventional non-return-to-zero line coding. To evaluate the received signal quality when using adaptive coefficient settings for a PAM-4 equalizer during data transmission, we propose an eye-opening monitor technique based on machine learning. The proposed technique uses a Gaussian mixture model to classify the received PAM-4 symbols. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of adaptive equalization for PAM-4 coding. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1587/transinf.2020LOP0007 |
| format | Article |
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Although PAM-4 is spectrally efficient to mitigate inter-symbol interference caused by bandwidth-limited wired channels, it is more sensitive than conventional non-return-to-zero line coding. To evaluate the received signal quality when using adaptive coefficient settings for a PAM-4 equalizer during data transmission, we propose an eye-opening monitor technique based on machine learning. The proposed technique uses a Gaussian mixture model to classify the received PAM-4 symbols. 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Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of adaptive equalization for PAM-4 coding.</description><subject>Coding</subject><subject>Data transmission</subject><subject>Equalization</subject><subject>eye-opening monitor</subject><subject>Gaussian mixture model</subject><subject>High speed</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Machine learning</subject><subject>multi-valued signaling</subject><subject>PAM-4</subject><subject>Probabilistic models</subject><subject>Pulse amplitude modulation</subject><subject>Signal quality</subject><subject>Very large scale integration</subject><issn>0916-8532</issn><issn>1745-1361</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNkFFPwjAQxxujiYh-Ax-W-Dztdeu6PhKcaAKBGHjxpSmlgxLsRtsZ8dM7giBPd7n8fneXP0L3gB-B5uwpOGm9seUjwQQPxxOMMbtAHWApjSHJ4BJ1MIcszmlCrtGN92uMISdAO-hj0hvFaVTsdDyutTV2GY0qa0LloqlWK2u2jY5mfj8fyMZ7I200Mt-hcboFF3oTlS3aW8g6mC8dFdtGbsyPDKayt-iqlBuv7_5qF81eimn_NR6OB2_93jBWFLIQZyybS0WSkpc5nc8XPFc00YSwhAKkwJOUU6rVQnPAgPOy5IwRxRWRWgLlPOmih8Pe2lXttz6IddU4254UhFJGGGY5bqn0QClXee90KWpnPqXbCcBin6I4pijOUmy194O29kEu9UmSLhi10f9SATgVzyI_NmdLTrBaSSe0TX4BRPuEOA</recordid><startdate>20210801</startdate><enddate>20210801</enddate><creator>IIJIMA, Yosuke</creator><creator>TAYA, Keigo</creator><creator>YUMINAKA, Yasushi</creator><general>The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210801</creationdate><title>PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization</title><author>IIJIMA, Yosuke ; TAYA, Keigo ; YUMINAKA, Yasushi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-676bac23f9f85bbd98c53e227351141934955ecde910108ff9772c9c2aea15993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Coding</topic><topic>Data transmission</topic><topic>Equalization</topic><topic>eye-opening monitor</topic><topic>Gaussian mixture model</topic><topic>High speed</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>Machine learning</topic><topic>multi-valued signaling</topic><topic>PAM-4</topic><topic>Probabilistic models</topic><topic>Pulse amplitude modulation</topic><topic>Signal quality</topic><topic>Very large scale integration</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>IIJIMA, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAYA, Keigo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YUMINAKA, Yasushi</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>IIJIMA, Yosuke</au><au>TAYA, Keigo</au><au>YUMINAKA, Yasushi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization</atitle><jtitle>IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems</jtitle><addtitle>IEICE Trans. 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| source | J-STAGE (Japan Science & Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic) Freely Available Titles - Japanese; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Coding Data transmission Equalization eye-opening monitor Gaussian mixture model High speed Integrated circuits Machine learning multi-valued signaling PAM-4 Probabilistic models Pulse amplitude modulation Signal quality Very large scale integration |
| title | PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization |
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