Effect of copper on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Pb1−xCuxNb2O6 (x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 1) perovskites
Tungsten bronze structure-based PbNb 2 O 6 ceramics are functional materials and are usually known as low-density ceramics. The low-density property may limit their practical applications. In this study, Cu-substituted PbNb 2 O 6 , with different concentrations, was prepared by a well-known solgel a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Materials science & processing, 2021-08, Vol.127 (8), Article 630 |
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| creator | Aslam, Sana Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad Ramay, Shahid M. Akhtar, Naadia Ali, Syed Mansoor Kassim, Hamoud |
| description | Tungsten bronze structure-based PbNb
2
O
6
ceramics are functional materials and are usually known as low-density ceramics. The low-density property may limit their practical applications. In this study, Cu-substituted PbNb
2
O
6
, with different concentrations, was prepared by a well-known solgel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral perovskite phase for PbNb
2
O
6
which is transformed to monoclinic phase upon complete replacement of Pb by Cu. The surface morphology of all the samples suggested that, with the increase in copper content, the grain size decreased, which resulted in an increase in the density of these ceramics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy assured the presence of all the elements in the samples in accordance with their empirical formulae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed complete combustion, and the downward peaks in the corresponding spectra were purely related to perovskites. Frequency-dependent dielectric analysis showed that the dielectric constant and conductivity of PbNb
2
O
6
improved with increasing Cu contents and less than 1% dielectric loss was achieved. In addition, complex impedance spectroscopy and complex modulus analysis revealed the existence of non-Debye-type relaxation in these compositions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00339-021-04783-4 |
| format | Article |
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2
O
6
ceramics are functional materials and are usually known as low-density ceramics. The low-density property may limit their practical applications. In this study, Cu-substituted PbNb
2
O
6
, with different concentrations, was prepared by a well-known solgel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral perovskite phase for PbNb
2
O
6
which is transformed to monoclinic phase upon complete replacement of Pb by Cu. The surface morphology of all the samples suggested that, with the increase in copper content, the grain size decreased, which resulted in an increase in the density of these ceramics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy assured the presence of all the elements in the samples in accordance with their empirical formulae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed complete combustion, and the downward peaks in the corresponding spectra were purely related to perovskites. Frequency-dependent dielectric analysis showed that the dielectric constant and conductivity of PbNb
2
O
6
improved with increasing Cu contents and less than 1% dielectric loss was achieved. In addition, complex impedance spectroscopy and complex modulus analysis revealed the existence of non-Debye-type relaxation in these compositions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0947-8396</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00339-021-04783-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; Ceramics ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Combustion ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Copper ; Density ; Dielectric loss ; Dielectric properties ; Empirical analysis ; Fourier transforms ; Frequency analysis ; Functional materials ; Grain size ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Lead niobates ; Machines ; Manufacturing ; Materials science ; Morphology ; Nanotechnology ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Perovskites ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Processes ; Spectrum analysis ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thermal analysis ; Thin Films ; Tungsten bronze</subject><ispartof>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing, 2021-08, Vol.127 (8), Article 630</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-709de9fa5c0541250546c48a8cfa7b18ae5f417dacba3d580eb6ab5d5ab9967e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-709de9fa5c0541250546c48a8cfa7b18ae5f417dacba3d580eb6ab5d5ab9967e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-021-04783-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00339-021-04783-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aslam, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramay, Shahid M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Naadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Syed Mansoor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassim, Hamoud</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of copper on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Pb1−xCuxNb2O6 (x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 1) perovskites</title><title>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing</title><addtitle>Appl. Phys. A</addtitle><description>Tungsten bronze structure-based PbNb
2
O
6
ceramics are functional materials and are usually known as low-density ceramics. The low-density property may limit their practical applications. In this study, Cu-substituted PbNb
2
O
6
, with different concentrations, was prepared by a well-known solgel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral perovskite phase for PbNb
2
O
6
which is transformed to monoclinic phase upon complete replacement of Pb by Cu. The surface morphology of all the samples suggested that, with the increase in copper content, the grain size decreased, which resulted in an increase in the density of these ceramics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy assured the presence of all the elements in the samples in accordance with their empirical formulae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed complete combustion, and the downward peaks in the corresponding spectra were purely related to perovskites. Frequency-dependent dielectric analysis showed that the dielectric constant and conductivity of PbNb
2
O
6
improved with increasing Cu contents and less than 1% dielectric loss was achieved. In addition, complex impedance spectroscopy and complex modulus analysis revealed the existence of non-Debye-type relaxation in these compositions.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Combustion</subject><subject>Condensed Matter Physics</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Dielectric loss</subject><subject>Dielectric properties</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Frequency analysis</subject><subject>Functional materials</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Lead niobates</subject><subject>Machines</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Perovskites</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Processes</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thermal analysis</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Tungsten bronze</subject><issn>0947-8396</issn><issn>1432-0630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EEqXwB5gssYDU0PNXEg8MqCofEgIGmC3HcSAQ6mAnqGyMIDZ-Yn8JLkVi46S7W97nvdOL0C6BQwKQjQMAYzIBShLgWc4SvoYGhDOaQMpgHQ1A8izJmUw30VYIDxCLUzpAn9OqsqbDrsLGta312M1wd29x6Hxvut7rZoSfnG_vXePuaqMbrGclLmvbRMzXBrfeRayrbViaXBdk8f41n_Tzy4JepXh_vnj7OIoNI0zGbDnoCNMx-7EhBziy7iU81p0N22ij0k2wO797iG5PpjeTs-Ti6vR8cnyRGMpll2QgSysrLQwITqiIMzU817mpdFaQXFtRcZKV2hSalSIHW6S6EKXQhZRpZtkQ7a184-vPvQ2denC9n8WTigqRcsgl8KiiK5XxLgRvK9X6-kn7V0VALUNXq9BVDF39hK6WEFtBIYpnd9b_Wf9DfQMu04Wn</recordid><startdate>20210801</startdate><enddate>20210801</enddate><creator>Aslam, Sana</creator><creator>Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad</creator><creator>Ramay, Shahid M.</creator><creator>Akhtar, Naadia</creator><creator>Ali, Syed Mansoor</creator><creator>Kassim, Hamoud</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210801</creationdate><title>Effect of copper on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Pb1−xCuxNb2O6 (x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 1) perovskites</title><author>Aslam, Sana ; Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad ; Ramay, Shahid M. ; Akhtar, Naadia ; Ali, Syed Mansoor ; Kassim, Hamoud</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-709de9fa5c0541250546c48a8cfa7b18ae5f417dacba3d580eb6ab5d5ab9967e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Applied physics</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Combustion</topic><topic>Condensed Matter Physics</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Dielectric loss</topic><topic>Dielectric properties</topic><topic>Empirical analysis</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Frequency analysis</topic><topic>Functional materials</topic><topic>Grain size</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Lead niobates</topic><topic>Machines</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Perovskites</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics and Astronomy</topic><topic>Processes</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thermal analysis</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>Tungsten bronze</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aslam, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramay, Shahid M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Naadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Syed Mansoor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassim, Hamoud</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aslam, Sana</au><au>Rafique, Hafiz Muhammad</au><au>Ramay, Shahid M.</au><au>Akhtar, Naadia</au><au>Ali, Syed Mansoor</au><au>Kassim, Hamoud</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of copper on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Pb1−xCuxNb2O6 (x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 1) perovskites</atitle><jtitle>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing</jtitle><stitle>Appl. Phys. A</stitle><date>2021-08-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>127</volume><issue>8</issue><artnum>630</artnum><issn>0947-8396</issn><eissn>1432-0630</eissn><abstract>Tungsten bronze structure-based PbNb
2
O
6
ceramics are functional materials and are usually known as low-density ceramics. The low-density property may limit their practical applications. In this study, Cu-substituted PbNb
2
O
6
, with different concentrations, was prepared by a well-known solgel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral perovskite phase for PbNb
2
O
6
which is transformed to monoclinic phase upon complete replacement of Pb by Cu. The surface morphology of all the samples suggested that, with the increase in copper content, the grain size decreased, which resulted in an increase in the density of these ceramics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy assured the presence of all the elements in the samples in accordance with their empirical formulae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed complete combustion, and the downward peaks in the corresponding spectra were purely related to perovskites. Frequency-dependent dielectric analysis showed that the dielectric constant and conductivity of PbNb
2
O
6
improved with increasing Cu contents and less than 1% dielectric loss was achieved. In addition, complex impedance spectroscopy and complex modulus analysis revealed the existence of non-Debye-type relaxation in these compositions.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00339-021-04783-4</doi></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0947-8396 1432-0630 |
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| subjects | Applied physics Ceramics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Combustion Condensed Matter Physics Copper Density Dielectric loss Dielectric properties Empirical analysis Fourier transforms Frequency analysis Functional materials Grain size Infrared spectroscopy Lead niobates Machines Manufacturing Materials science Morphology Nanotechnology Optical and Electronic Materials Perovskites Physics Physics and Astronomy Processes Spectrum analysis Surfaces and Interfaces Thermal analysis Thin Films Tungsten bronze |
| title | Effect of copper on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Pb1−xCuxNb2O6 (x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 1) perovskites |
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