Combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the spring runoff generation process in a seasonal freezing agricultural watershed
This study aims to investigate the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the hydrological processes in a watershed with intensive agricultural land uses during the spring snowmelt period. Temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, frozen soil depth, and discharge were monitored during...
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description | This study aims to investigate the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the hydrological processes in a watershed with intensive agricultural land uses during the spring snowmelt period. Temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, frozen soil depth, and discharge were monitored during the freezing and thawing periods in 2014, 2015, and 2016 within the 75 km
2
agricultural Heidingzi watershed in northeast China. The results indicated that high autumn rainfall and early precipitation, as well as the corresponding temperature rise, during the stable freezing period, increased the amount of surface water stored in the ice form before the spring runoff. These conditions produced a prolonged and increasing runoff event, and the highest runoff ratio of the ice melt runoff process during the thawing period in 2014. However, low autumn rainfall, dispersed precipitation, and negligible temperature rises during the stable freezing period in 2014–2015 led to a significant but short-term snowmelt runoff during the thawing period in 2015. Because of similar precipitation conditions as in 2014–2015 and a temperature rise event during the freezing period in 2015–2016, the runoff during the thawing period in 2016 was a combination of snow and ice melt; the runoff ratio during the early- and late-melt stages in the maize-dominated drainage region (DR) was the highest with the lowest precipitation. Additionally, the early low rainfall during the thawing period in 2014 increased the direct runoff ratios by 2–13 times for the entire watershed, DR
M
, and DR
P-M
, as early rainfall resulted in small soil thaw depth and low water storage. Different land use activities in the agricultural watershed supported the spatial and temporal differences and uncertainties in the spring snow or ice melt runoff generation process. Moreover, snowmelt simulation models can rarely distinguish between ice and snowmelt during spring runoff generation processes, probably leading to high uncertainty in simulating spring runoff response to climate change in seasonal freezing areas. This study reveals the characteristics and causes of snow and ice melt runoff processes in agricultural watersheds that experience seasonal freezing and provides a new perspective for improving the modeling of water generation processes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-021-09777-2 |
format | Article |
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2
agricultural Heidingzi watershed in northeast China. The results indicated that high autumn rainfall and early precipitation, as well as the corresponding temperature rise, during the stable freezing period, increased the amount of surface water stored in the ice form before the spring runoff. These conditions produced a prolonged and increasing runoff event, and the highest runoff ratio of the ice melt runoff process during the thawing period in 2014. However, low autumn rainfall, dispersed precipitation, and negligible temperature rises during the stable freezing period in 2014–2015 led to a significant but short-term snowmelt runoff during the thawing period in 2015. Because of similar precipitation conditions as in 2014–2015 and a temperature rise event during the freezing period in 2015–2016, the runoff during the thawing period in 2016 was a combination of snow and ice melt; the runoff ratio during the early- and late-melt stages in the maize-dominated drainage region (DR) was the highest with the lowest precipitation. Additionally, the early low rainfall during the thawing period in 2014 increased the direct runoff ratios by 2–13 times for the entire watershed, DR
M
, and DR
P-M
, as early rainfall resulted in small soil thaw depth and low water storage. Different land use activities in the agricultural watershed supported the spatial and temporal differences and uncertainties in the spring snow or ice melt runoff generation process. Moreover, snowmelt simulation models can rarely distinguish between ice and snowmelt during spring runoff generation processes, probably leading to high uncertainty in simulating spring runoff response to climate change in seasonal freezing areas. This study reveals the characteristics and causes of snow and ice melt runoff processes in agricultural watersheds that experience seasonal freezing and provides a new perspective for improving the modeling of water generation processes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09777-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; Agricultural runoff ; Agricultural watersheds ; Atmospheric precipitations ; Autumn ; Biogeosciences ; Climate change ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Freeze-thaw ; Freezing ; Freezing and thawing ; Frozen ground ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Hydrologic processes ; Hydrology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Ice ; Ice formation ; Ice melting ; Intensive farming ; Land use ; Melting ; Original Article ; Precipitation ; Precipitation-temperature relationships ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Runoff ; Runoff process ; Snow ; Snow and ice ; Snowmelt ; Snowmelt runoff ; Soil ; Soil depth ; Soil moisture ; Soil temperature ; Spring ; Spring (season) ; Surface water ; Temperature effects ; Temperature rise ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Thawing ; Uncertainty ; Water depth ; Water storage</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2021-08, Vol.80 (15), Article 490</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-ed7014a6a941303dd0e7c041baadb2abd271188d186b4591ecb7901f4e3b08e73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-ed7014a6a941303dd0e7c041baadb2abd271188d186b4591ecb7901f4e3b08e73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6579-9103</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-021-09777-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-021-09777-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Xiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jing-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jie-sheng</creatorcontrib><title>Combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the spring runoff generation process in a seasonal freezing agricultural watershed</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>This study aims to investigate the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the hydrological processes in a watershed with intensive agricultural land uses during the spring snowmelt period. Temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, frozen soil depth, and discharge were monitored during the freezing and thawing periods in 2014, 2015, and 2016 within the 75 km
2
agricultural Heidingzi watershed in northeast China. The results indicated that high autumn rainfall and early precipitation, as well as the corresponding temperature rise, during the stable freezing period, increased the amount of surface water stored in the ice form before the spring runoff. These conditions produced a prolonged and increasing runoff event, and the highest runoff ratio of the ice melt runoff process during the thawing period in 2014. However, low autumn rainfall, dispersed precipitation, and negligible temperature rises during the stable freezing period in 2014–2015 led to a significant but short-term snowmelt runoff during the thawing period in 2015. Because of similar precipitation conditions as in 2014–2015 and a temperature rise event during the freezing period in 2015–2016, the runoff during the thawing period in 2016 was a combination of snow and ice melt; the runoff ratio during the early- and late-melt stages in the maize-dominated drainage region (DR) was the highest with the lowest precipitation. Additionally, the early low rainfall during the thawing period in 2014 increased the direct runoff ratios by 2–13 times for the entire watershed, DR
M
, and DR
P-M
, as early rainfall resulted in small soil thaw depth and low water storage. Different land use activities in the agricultural watershed supported the spatial and temporal differences and uncertainties in the spring snow or ice melt runoff generation process. Moreover, snowmelt simulation models can rarely distinguish between ice and snowmelt during spring runoff generation processes, probably leading to high uncertainty in simulating spring runoff response to climate change in seasonal freezing areas. This study reveals the characteristics and causes of snow and ice melt runoff processes in agricultural watersheds that experience seasonal freezing and provides a new perspective for improving the modeling of water generation processes.</description><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural runoff</subject><subject>Agricultural watersheds</subject><subject>Atmospheric precipitations</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Freeze-thaw</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Freezing and thawing</subject><subject>Frozen ground</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Hydrologic processes</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice formation</subject><subject>Ice melting</subject><subject>Intensive farming</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Precipitation-temperature relationships</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Runoff process</subject><subject>Snow</subject><subject>Snow and ice</subject><subject>Snowmelt</subject><subject>Snowmelt runoff</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil depth</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>Soil temperature</subject><subject>Spring</subject><subject>Spring (season)</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Temperature rise</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Thawing</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Water storage</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOOi8gKuA62oubdMsZfAGA250HdLkZKbDTFOTFNEX8LVNrejOEEhIzvdzzofQBSVXlBBxHSmr66ogjBZECiEKdoQWtKnromZSHv_eG3KKljHuSF6ccknqBfpc-UPb9WAxOAcmRewdTnAYIOg0BsC6t3gIYLqhSzp1vsd5py3gOISu3-Aw9t45vIF-Iqb_IXgDMeKuxxpH0NH3eo9dAPiYAL0JnRn3OTy_vukEIW7BnqMTp_cRlj_nGXq5u31ePRTrp_vH1c26MJzKVIAVhJa61rKknHBrCQhDStpqbVumW8sEpU1j88RtWUkKphWSUFcCb0kDgp-hyzk3d_k6Qkxq58eQG4yKVVVZyqapqlzF5ioTfIwBnMrDHnR4V5SoybmanavsXH07VyxDfIZmMxD-ov-hvgAPr4eJ</recordid><startdate>20210801</startdate><enddate>20210801</enddate><creator>Zhao, Qiang</creator><creator>Tan, Xiao</creator><creator>Zeng, Qiang</creator><creator>Zhao, Hang</creator><creator>Wu, Jing-wei</creator><creator>Huang, Jie-sheng</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-9103</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210801</creationdate><title>Combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the spring runoff generation process in a seasonal freezing agricultural watershed</title><author>Zhao, Qiang ; Tan, Xiao ; Zeng, Qiang ; Zhao, Hang ; Wu, Jing-wei ; Huang, Jie-sheng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-ed7014a6a941303dd0e7c041baadb2abd271188d186b4591ecb7901f4e3b08e73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Agricultural runoff</topic><topic>Agricultural watersheds</topic><topic>Atmospheric precipitations</topic><topic>Autumn</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Freeze-thaw</topic><topic>Freezing</topic><topic>Freezing and thawing</topic><topic>Frozen ground</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Hydrologic processes</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Ice formation</topic><topic>Ice melting</topic><topic>Intensive farming</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Precipitation-temperature relationships</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Runoff process</topic><topic>Snow</topic><topic>Snow and ice</topic><topic>Snowmelt</topic><topic>Snowmelt runoff</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil depth</topic><topic>Soil moisture</topic><topic>Soil temperature</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Spring (season)</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Temperature effects</topic><topic>Temperature rise</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Thawing</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><topic>Water depth</topic><topic>Water storage</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Xiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jing-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jie-sheng</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & 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Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, Qiang</au><au>Tan, Xiao</au><au>Zeng, Qiang</au><au>Zhao, Hang</au><au>Wu, Jing-wei</au><au>Huang, Jie-sheng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the spring runoff generation process in a seasonal freezing agricultural watershed</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2021-08-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>15</issue><artnum>490</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>This study aims to investigate the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the hydrological processes in a watershed with intensive agricultural land uses during the spring snowmelt period. Temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, frozen soil depth, and discharge were monitored during the freezing and thawing periods in 2014, 2015, and 2016 within the 75 km
2
agricultural Heidingzi watershed in northeast China. The results indicated that high autumn rainfall and early precipitation, as well as the corresponding temperature rise, during the stable freezing period, increased the amount of surface water stored in the ice form before the spring runoff. These conditions produced a prolonged and increasing runoff event, and the highest runoff ratio of the ice melt runoff process during the thawing period in 2014. However, low autumn rainfall, dispersed precipitation, and negligible temperature rises during the stable freezing period in 2014–2015 led to a significant but short-term snowmelt runoff during the thawing period in 2015. Because of similar precipitation conditions as in 2014–2015 and a temperature rise event during the freezing period in 2015–2016, the runoff during the thawing period in 2016 was a combination of snow and ice melt; the runoff ratio during the early- and late-melt stages in the maize-dominated drainage region (DR) was the highest with the lowest precipitation. Additionally, the early low rainfall during the thawing period in 2014 increased the direct runoff ratios by 2–13 times for the entire watershed, DR
M
, and DR
P-M
, as early rainfall resulted in small soil thaw depth and low water storage. Different land use activities in the agricultural watershed supported the spatial and temporal differences and uncertainties in the spring snow or ice melt runoff generation process. Moreover, snowmelt simulation models can rarely distinguish between ice and snowmelt during spring runoff generation processes, probably leading to high uncertainty in simulating spring runoff response to climate change in seasonal freezing areas. This study reveals the characteristics and causes of snow and ice melt runoff processes in agricultural watersheds that experience seasonal freezing and provides a new perspective for improving the modeling of water generation processes.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-021-09777-2</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-9103</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural land Agricultural runoff Agricultural watersheds Atmospheric precipitations Autumn Biogeosciences Climate change Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Freeze-thaw Freezing Freezing and thawing Frozen ground Geochemistry Geology Hydrologic processes Hydrology Hydrology/Water Resources Ice Ice formation Ice melting Intensive farming Land use Melting Original Article Precipitation Precipitation-temperature relationships Rain Rainfall Runoff Runoff process Snow Snow and ice Snowmelt Snowmelt runoff Soil Soil depth Soil moisture Soil temperature Spring Spring (season) Surface water Temperature effects Temperature rise Terrestrial Pollution Thawing Uncertainty Water depth Water storage |
title | Combined effects of temperature and precipitation on the spring runoff generation process in a seasonal freezing agricultural watershed |
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