Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Processes 2019-12, Vol.7 (12), p.963 |
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| creator | Kang, In Nee Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah Chung, Wan Jie Lee, Chong Yew Tan, Suat Cheng |
| description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/pr7120963 |
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Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Kang, In Nee ; Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah ; Chung, Wan Jie ; Lee, Chong Yew ; Tan, Suat Cheng</creator><creatorcontrib>Kang, In Nee ; Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah ; Chung, Wan Jie ; Lee, Chong Yew ; Tan, Suat Cheng</creatorcontrib><description>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/pr7120963</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Anticancer properties ; Antioxidants ; Bioactive compounds ; Biological activity ; Brain cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Cell cycle ; Cell proliferation ; Enrichment ; Extraction procedures ; Flavonoids ; Fractionation ; Glioblastoma ; Glioblastoma multiforme ; Leaves ; Liver cancer ; Metabolites ; Methanol ; Oroxylum indicum ; Petroleum ether ; Phytochemicals ; Radiation therapy ; Side effects ; Solvents</subject><ispartof>Processes, 2019-12, Vol.7 (12), p.963</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.</description><subject>Anticancer properties</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Bioactive compounds</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Brain cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Extraction procedures</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Glioblastoma</subject><subject>Glioblastoma multiforme</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methanol</subject><subject>Oroxylum indicum</subject><subject>Petroleum ether</subject><subject>Phytochemicals</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><issn>2227-9717</issn><issn>2227-9717</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkc1OwzAQhCMEElXpgTewxIUeUvwTx_GxrdpSEdQLnCPHcairxC62g1KehkclFQixlxmtvp09TBTdIjgjhMOHo2MIQ56Si2iEMWYxZ4hd_vPX0cT7AxyGI5LRdBR9LYSWolHaxCvjtNyrCqydkEFbA1Z9ONthVTvbgp2z_anpWqBNpeWg9_lsChbKhP0MqB48de4T5Ep8KD-cKhc8mJshqNeVMAEIU4Gt2etSB-tOYFXXSp6RN6GND2DTaFs2wgfbCvDcNUHX1rXqJrqqRePV5FfH0et69bJ8jPPdZruc57HEHIdYlpxglKUUlkhwrrgosSipVIgxRKtEJKlECURU0SxJRM0VLTHOWJJBXDHCyDi6-8k9OvveKR-Kg-2cGV4WmFKICScoGajpDyWd9d6pujg63Qp3KhAszh0Ufx2Qb04pekw</recordid><startdate>20191201</startdate><enddate>20191201</enddate><creator>Kang, In Nee</creator><creator>Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah</creator><creator>Chung, Wan Jie</creator><creator>Lee, Chong Yew</creator><creator>Tan, Suat Cheng</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-6096</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-5759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-3794</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191201</creationdate><title>Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme</title><author>Kang, In Nee ; Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah ; Chung, Wan Jie ; Lee, Chong Yew ; Tan, Suat Cheng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c292t-cb93218650b1a99e9ab2ab5ce17715d4a46c14015e5844af9e5b22874802d7373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Anticancer properties</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Bioactive compounds</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Brain cancer</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell proliferation</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Extraction procedures</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Fractionation</topic><topic>Glioblastoma</topic><topic>Glioblastoma multiforme</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Methanol</topic><topic>Oroxylum indicum</topic><topic>Petroleum ether</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kang, In Nee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Wan Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chong Yew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Suat Cheng</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kang, In Nee</au><au>Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah</au><au>Chung, Wan Jie</au><au>Lee, Chong Yew</au><au>Tan, Suat Cheng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme</atitle><jtitle>Processes</jtitle><date>2019-12-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>963</spage><pages>963-</pages><issn>2227-9717</issn><eissn>2227-9717</eissn><abstract>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/pr7120963</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-6096</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-5759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-3794</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anticancer properties Antioxidants Bioactive compounds Biological activity Brain cancer Cancer therapies Cell cycle Cell proliferation Enrichment Extraction procedures Flavonoids Fractionation Glioblastoma Glioblastoma multiforme Leaves Liver cancer Metabolites Methanol Oroxylum indicum Petroleum ether Phytochemicals Radiation therapy Side effects Solvents |
| title | Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme |
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