Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thres...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Landslides 2021-07, Vol.18 (7), p.2427-2443 |
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| creator | Guo, Xiaojun Li, Yong Chen, Xingchang Zhang, Ju Sun, Yuqing |
| description | A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thresholds for such hazards is a primary concern following a strong earthquake. This work proposed a framework for debris flow/flood formation at the watershed scale in two watersheds (area: 2.4 and 32.4 km
2
) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2 |
| format | Article |
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2
) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1612-510X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1612-5118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Annual variations ; Channel erosion ; Civil Engineering ; Debris flow ; Detritus ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earthquakes ; Flood formation ; Floods ; Forecasting ; Geography ; Gullies ; Gully erosion ; Natural Hazards ; Original Paper ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rainfall forecasting ; River beds ; Runoff ; Seismic activity ; Thresholds ; Watersheds</subject><ispartof>Landslides, 2021-07, Vol.18 (7), p.2427-2443</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-802e5caf773305ec81022ff9f89277de049b34aca43f7740fcebf44433caf2b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-802e5caf773305ec81022ff9f89277de049b34aca43f7740fcebf44433caf2b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Xiaojun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xingchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yuqing</creatorcontrib><title>Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area</title><title>Landslides</title><addtitle>Landslides</addtitle><description>A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thresholds for such hazards is a primary concern following a strong earthquake. This work proposed a framework for debris flow/flood formation at the watershed scale in two watersheds (area: 2.4 and 32.4 km
2
) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Annual variations</subject><subject>Channel erosion</subject><subject>Civil Engineering</subject><subject>Debris flow</subject><subject>Detritus</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Flood formation</subject><subject>Floods</subject><subject>Forecasting</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Gullies</subject><subject>Gully erosion</subject><subject>Natural Hazards</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainfall forecasting</subject><subject>River beds</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Thresholds</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><issn>1612-510X</issn><issn>1612-5118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRsFb_gKcFz7GzH2mSo5T6AQUvft2WyWbWpLbZdjdF_PemjejNy8ww877vwMPYpYBrAZBNogClpwlIkYCYap3IIzYSUyGTVIj8-HeGt1N2FuMSQBagihFbvmBosGt8y73jFZWhidyt_OekL77izof1cLa-rZr9FDl2vKuJf2JHIdZU8WhxRbxpD-tXam29w5bPMXT1docfxDEQnrMTh6tIFz99zJ5v50-z-2TxePcwu1kkqLTskhwkpRZdlikFKdlcgJTOFS4vZJZVBLoolUaLWvUaDc5S6bTWSvUmWUo1ZldD7ib47Y5iZ5Z-F9r-pZGpLooMZK8eMzmobPAxBnJmE5o1hi8jwOyZmoGp6ZmaA1Ozj1aDKfbi9p3CX_Q_rm97j3rD</recordid><startdate>20210701</startdate><enddate>20210701</enddate><creator>Guo, Xiaojun</creator><creator>Li, Yong</creator><creator>Chen, Xingchang</creator><creator>Zhang, Ju</creator><creator>Sun, Yuqing</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210701</creationdate><title>Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area</title><author>Guo, Xiaojun ; Li, Yong ; Chen, Xingchang ; Zhang, Ju ; Sun, Yuqing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-802e5caf773305ec81022ff9f89277de049b34aca43f7740fcebf44433caf2b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Annual variations</topic><topic>Channel erosion</topic><topic>Civil Engineering</topic><topic>Debris flow</topic><topic>Detritus</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Flood formation</topic><topic>Floods</topic><topic>Forecasting</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Gullies</topic><topic>Gully erosion</topic><topic>Natural Hazards</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Rainfall forecasting</topic><topic>River beds</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Thresholds</topic><topic>Watersheds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Xiaojun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xingchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yuqing</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Landslides</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Xiaojun</au><au>Li, Yong</au><au>Chen, Xingchang</au><au>Zhang, Ju</au><au>Sun, Yuqing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area</atitle><jtitle>Landslides</jtitle><stitle>Landslides</stitle><date>2021-07-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>2427</spage><epage>2443</epage><pages>2427-2443</pages><issn>1612-510X</issn><eissn>1612-5118</eissn><abstract>A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thresholds for such hazards is a primary concern following a strong earthquake. This work proposed a framework for debris flow/flood formation at the watershed scale in two watersheds (area: 2.4 and 32.4 km
2
) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Annual variations Channel erosion Civil Engineering Debris flow Detritus Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earthquakes Flood formation Floods Forecasting Geography Gullies Gully erosion Natural Hazards Original Paper Rain Rainfall Rainfall forecasting River beds Runoff Seismic activity Thresholds Watersheds |
| title | Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area |
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