Contamination, Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone, China

Anthropogenic activities may result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, especially in economic development zones with frequent industrial activities. Therefore, the investigation and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in economic development zones is one of the important measures...

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Veröffentlicht in:Sustainability 2020-10, Vol.12 (19), p.8117
Hauptverfasser: Pan, Chang, Yu, Fei, Tao, Xiao, Guo, Jiahuan, Yu, Yuanchun
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Yu, Fei
Tao, Xiao
Guo, Jiahuan
Yu, Yuanchun
description Anthropogenic activities may result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, especially in economic development zones with frequent industrial activities. Therefore, the investigation and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in economic development zones is one of the important measures for soil environmental management and sustainable development. This study used Nemero evaluation, Kriging interpolation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to investigate the contamination degree, spatial distribution, and origin of heavy metal in Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone (ACED), Anhui, East China. The result showed that different land use types can cause different levels and types of soil heavy metal pollution. The maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area all exceeded their background value but did not exceed the guide values. The highest average concentrations were found in Zn, followed by Cr and Ni. The concentrations of As in soils have the largest coefficient of variation (CV) at 38%. The concentration of heavy metals in different functional areas was varied, the areas with higher Ni, As, Cd, Zn, and Cr concentrations were mainly distributed in Hot Springs Resort (HSR), the relatively higher concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cu were mainly distributed in Integrated Zone (IZ), while all heavy metal (except for Ni) have relatively higher content in the surface soil of Huashan Industrial Zone (HIZ). Origin analysis showed that soil As, Cd, and Zn in HSR surface soil were predominantly influenced by agricultural activities, while Ni and Cr were mainly controlled by parent material. Pb and Hg in IZ surface soil were predominantly originated from the vehicle and domestic exhaust, and Cu was mainly controlled by industrial pollutants. Industrial activity was the main source of soil heavy metals in HIZ. Although heavy metal in ACED surface soil did not reach pollution levels, the concentration of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu was significantly affected by anthropogenic activities, especially in HIZ, which the necessary attention of heavy metals needs to be given.
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Therefore, the investigation and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in economic development zones is one of the important measures for soil environmental management and sustainable development. This study used Nemero evaluation, Kriging interpolation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to investigate the contamination degree, spatial distribution, and origin of heavy metal in Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone (ACED), Anhui, East China. The result showed that different land use types can cause different levels and types of soil heavy metal pollution. The maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area all exceeded their background value but did not exceed the guide values. The highest average concentrations were found in Zn, followed by Cr and Ni. The concentrations of As in soils have the largest coefficient of variation (CV) at 38%. The concentration of heavy metals in different functional areas was varied, the areas with higher Ni, As, Cd, Zn, and Cr concentrations were mainly distributed in Hot Springs Resort (HSR), the relatively higher concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cu were mainly distributed in Integrated Zone (IZ), while all heavy metal (except for Ni) have relatively higher content in the surface soil of Huashan Industrial Zone (HIZ). Origin analysis showed that soil As, Cd, and Zn in HSR surface soil were predominantly influenced by agricultural activities, while Ni and Cr were mainly controlled by parent material. Pb and Hg in IZ surface soil were predominantly originated from the vehicle and domestic exhaust, and Cu was mainly controlled by industrial pollutants. Industrial activity was the main source of soil heavy metals in HIZ. 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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Yu, Fei ; Tao, Xiao ; Guo, Jiahuan ; Yu, Yuanchun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a318t-87eaf6a17950794f8bddd52aa89888eaf3bfcc1de656f31f340f39461d8b84983</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Coefficient of variation</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Economic development</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental management</topic><topic>Heavy metal content</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hot springs</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Industrial areas</topic><topic>Industrial development</topic><topic>Industrial pollution</topic><topic>Kriging interpolation</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution levels</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Sediment pollution</topic><topic>Soil analysis</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Soil investigations</topic><topic>Soil management</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Soil surfaces</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spatial analysis</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Sustainable development</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pan, Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Xiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jiahuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yuanchun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pan, Chang</au><au>Yu, Fei</au><au>Tao, Xiao</au><au>Guo, Jiahuan</au><au>Yu, Yuanchun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contamination, Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone, China</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2020-10-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>8117</spage><pages>8117-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>Anthropogenic activities may result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, especially in economic development zones with frequent industrial activities. Therefore, the investigation and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in economic development zones is one of the important measures for soil environmental management and sustainable development. This study used Nemero evaluation, Kriging interpolation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to investigate the contamination degree, spatial distribution, and origin of heavy metal in Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone (ACED), Anhui, East China. The result showed that different land use types can cause different levels and types of soil heavy metal pollution. The maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area all exceeded their background value but did not exceed the guide values. The highest average concentrations were found in Zn, followed by Cr and Ni. The concentrations of As in soils have the largest coefficient of variation (CV) at 38%. The concentration of heavy metals in different functional areas was varied, the areas with higher Ni, As, Cd, Zn, and Cr concentrations were mainly distributed in Hot Springs Resort (HSR), the relatively higher concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cu were mainly distributed in Integrated Zone (IZ), while all heavy metal (except for Ni) have relatively higher content in the surface soil of Huashan Industrial Zone (HIZ). Origin analysis showed that soil As, Cd, and Zn in HSR surface soil were predominantly influenced by agricultural activities, while Ni and Cr were mainly controlled by parent material. Pb and Hg in IZ surface soil were predominantly originated from the vehicle and domestic exhaust, and Cu was mainly controlled by industrial pollutants. Industrial activity was the main source of soil heavy metals in HIZ. Although heavy metal in ACED surface soil did not reach pollution levels, the concentration of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu was significantly affected by anthropogenic activities, especially in HIZ, which the necessary attention of heavy metals needs to be given.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su12198117</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-4490</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-994X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Anthropogenic factors
Cadmium
Chromium
Cluster analysis
Coefficient of variation
Contamination
Correlation analysis
Economic development
Environmental impact
Environmental management
Heavy metal content
Heavy metals
Hot springs
Human influences
Industrial areas
Industrial development
Industrial pollution
Kriging interpolation
Land use
Lead
Mercury
Metal concentrations
Normal distribution
Pollutants
Pollution levels
Principal components analysis
Sediment pollution
Soil analysis
Soil contamination
Soil investigations
Soil management
Soil pollution
Soil surfaces
Soils
Spatial analysis
Spatial distribution
Statistical analysis
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Zinc
title Contamination, Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone, China
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