Rotating three-dimensional velocimetry
Flow evolution over helicopter rotors, wind turbine blades, and insect wings are unsteady, three-dimensional (3D), and influenced by phenomena unique to the rotating frame of reference (FoR), e.g., Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Conventional 3D-PIV techniques are unable to fully characterize these...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Experiments in fluids 2021-07, Vol.62 (7), Article 146 |
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| creator | Gururaj, Abbishek Moaven, Mahyar Tan, Zu Puayen Thurow, Brian Raghav, Vrishank |
| description | Flow evolution over helicopter rotors, wind turbine blades, and insect wings are unsteady, three-dimensional (3D), and influenced by phenomena unique to the rotating frame of reference (FoR), e.g., Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Conventional 3D-PIV techniques are unable to fully characterize these rotating FoR physics, since the measurements are limited to a fixed FoR of a relatively small volume through which the rotor blade or wing traverses intermittently. In this paper, a new “Rotating Three-Dimensional Velocimetry (R3DV)” technique is proposed to address these gaps. R3DV consists of 3D measurements made with a single stationary plenoptic camera in combination with a hub-mounted mirror that aligns the camera’s field of view with a rotating wing. In post-processing R3DV data, a rotational volumetric calibration method is developed to account for image acquisition through a rotating mirror. Rotating FoR volumes are then reconstructed using the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) algorithm with the adapted calibration scheme and subsequently cross-correlated to derive a 3D velocity field. R3DV was experimentally demonstrated in a study of 3D unsteady flow over an impulsively rotated flat-plate wing. Prominent flow features like the formation and shedding of the primary and secondary leading-edge vortices (LEVs) were observed, which corroborate well with the existing literature on rotating wings. The time-resolved variation of LEV velocity profiles and circulation with azimuthal angle exhibited expected trends. The ability to quantify 3D and time-resolved velocity fields in the rotating FoR demonstrates the feasibility of adopting R3DV as a technique to investigate rotating flows.
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00348-021-03241-4 |
| format | Article |
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Graphic abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0723-4864</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1114</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00348-021-03241-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cameras ; Centrifugal force ; Coriolis force ; Engineering ; Engineering Fluid Dynamics ; Engineering Thermodynamics ; Field of view ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Fluid- and Aerodynamics ; Heat and Mass Transfer ; Image acquisition ; Image reconstruction ; Insects ; Post-processing ; Research Article ; Rotary wings ; Rotating mirrors ; Rotor blades (turbomachinery) ; Three dimensional flow ; Turbine blades ; Unsteady flow ; Velocimetry ; Velocity distribution ; Wind turbines</subject><ispartof>Experiments in fluids, 2021-07, Vol.62 (7), Article 146</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-e0b0e93d10eab2cf94a4ff2fcaf257d9172407591c0ff8d5caf4fc0e0f0e53683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-e0b0e93d10eab2cf94a4ff2fcaf257d9172407591c0ff8d5caf4fc0e0f0e53683</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8667-4409</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00348-021-03241-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00348-021-03241-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912,41475,42544,51306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gururaj, Abbishek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moaven, Mahyar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Zu Puayen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thurow, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raghav, Vrishank</creatorcontrib><title>Rotating three-dimensional velocimetry</title><title>Experiments in fluids</title><addtitle>Exp Fluids</addtitle><description>Flow evolution over helicopter rotors, wind turbine blades, and insect wings are unsteady, three-dimensional (3D), and influenced by phenomena unique to the rotating frame of reference (FoR), e.g., Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Conventional 3D-PIV techniques are unable to fully characterize these rotating FoR physics, since the measurements are limited to a fixed FoR of a relatively small volume through which the rotor blade or wing traverses intermittently. In this paper, a new “Rotating Three-Dimensional Velocimetry (R3DV)” technique is proposed to address these gaps. R3DV consists of 3D measurements made with a single stationary plenoptic camera in combination with a hub-mounted mirror that aligns the camera’s field of view with a rotating wing. In post-processing R3DV data, a rotational volumetric calibration method is developed to account for image acquisition through a rotating mirror. Rotating FoR volumes are then reconstructed using the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) algorithm with the adapted calibration scheme and subsequently cross-correlated to derive a 3D velocity field. R3DV was experimentally demonstrated in a study of 3D unsteady flow over an impulsively rotated flat-plate wing. Prominent flow features like the formation and shedding of the primary and secondary leading-edge vortices (LEVs) were observed, which corroborate well with the existing literature on rotating wings. The time-resolved variation of LEV velocity profiles and circulation with azimuthal angle exhibited expected trends. The ability to quantify 3D and time-resolved velocity fields in the rotating FoR demonstrates the feasibility of adopting R3DV as a technique to investigate rotating flows.
Graphic abstract</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Centrifugal force</subject><subject>Coriolis force</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering Fluid Dynamics</subject><subject>Engineering Thermodynamics</subject><subject>Field of view</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fluid- and Aerodynamics</subject><subject>Heat and Mass Transfer</subject><subject>Image acquisition</subject><subject>Image reconstruction</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Post-processing</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rotary wings</subject><subject>Rotating mirrors</subject><subject>Rotor blades (turbomachinery)</subject><subject>Three dimensional flow</subject><subject>Turbine blades</subject><subject>Unsteady flow</subject><subject>Velocimetry</subject><subject>Velocity distribution</subject><subject>Wind turbines</subject><issn>0723-4864</issn><issn>1432-1114</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWKt_wFNB8BadSWa_jlK0CgVB9BzS7KRu2e7WZCv03xtdwZunYYbnfRkeIS4RbhCguI0AmkoJCiVoRSjpSEyQtJKISMdiAoXSksqcTsVZjBsAzCooJ-L6pR_s0HTr2fAemGXdbLmLTd_ZdvbJbe_SPoTDuTjxto188Tun4u3h_nX-KJfPi6f53VI6jdUgGVbAla4R2K6U8xVZ8l55Z73KirrCQhEUWYUOvC_rLN3JO2DwwJnOSz0VV2PvLvQfe46D2fT7kJ6JRmWU50qVuU6UGikX-hgDe7MLzdaGg0Ew3z7M6MMkH-bHh6EU0mMoJrhbc_ir_if1BU0LYpI</recordid><startdate>20210701</startdate><enddate>20210701</enddate><creator>Gururaj, Abbishek</creator><creator>Moaven, Mahyar</creator><creator>Tan, Zu Puayen</creator><creator>Thurow, Brian</creator><creator>Raghav, Vrishank</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-4409</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210701</creationdate><title>Rotating three-dimensional velocimetry</title><author>Gururaj, Abbishek ; Moaven, Mahyar ; Tan, Zu Puayen ; Thurow, Brian ; Raghav, Vrishank</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-e0b0e93d10eab2cf94a4ff2fcaf257d9172407591c0ff8d5caf4fc0e0f0e53683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Cameras</topic><topic>Centrifugal force</topic><topic>Coriolis force</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering Fluid Dynamics</topic><topic>Engineering Thermodynamics</topic><topic>Field of view</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Fluid- and Aerodynamics</topic><topic>Heat and Mass Transfer</topic><topic>Image acquisition</topic><topic>Image reconstruction</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Post-processing</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Rotary wings</topic><topic>Rotating mirrors</topic><topic>Rotor blades (turbomachinery)</topic><topic>Three dimensional flow</topic><topic>Turbine blades</topic><topic>Unsteady flow</topic><topic>Velocimetry</topic><topic>Velocity distribution</topic><topic>Wind turbines</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gururaj, Abbishek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moaven, Mahyar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Zu Puayen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thurow, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raghav, Vrishank</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Experiments in fluids</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gururaj, Abbishek</au><au>Moaven, Mahyar</au><au>Tan, Zu Puayen</au><au>Thurow, Brian</au><au>Raghav, Vrishank</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rotating three-dimensional velocimetry</atitle><jtitle>Experiments in fluids</jtitle><stitle>Exp Fluids</stitle><date>2021-07-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>7</issue><artnum>146</artnum><issn>0723-4864</issn><eissn>1432-1114</eissn><abstract>Flow evolution over helicopter rotors, wind turbine blades, and insect wings are unsteady, three-dimensional (3D), and influenced by phenomena unique to the rotating frame of reference (FoR), e.g., Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Conventional 3D-PIV techniques are unable to fully characterize these rotating FoR physics, since the measurements are limited to a fixed FoR of a relatively small volume through which the rotor blade or wing traverses intermittently. In this paper, a new “Rotating Three-Dimensional Velocimetry (R3DV)” technique is proposed to address these gaps. R3DV consists of 3D measurements made with a single stationary plenoptic camera in combination with a hub-mounted mirror that aligns the camera’s field of view with a rotating wing. In post-processing R3DV data, a rotational volumetric calibration method is developed to account for image acquisition through a rotating mirror. Rotating FoR volumes are then reconstructed using the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) algorithm with the adapted calibration scheme and subsequently cross-correlated to derive a 3D velocity field. R3DV was experimentally demonstrated in a study of 3D unsteady flow over an impulsively rotated flat-plate wing. Prominent flow features like the formation and shedding of the primary and secondary leading-edge vortices (LEVs) were observed, which corroborate well with the existing literature on rotating wings. The time-resolved variation of LEV velocity profiles and circulation with azimuthal angle exhibited expected trends. The ability to quantify 3D and time-resolved velocity fields in the rotating FoR demonstrates the feasibility of adopting R3DV as a technique to investigate rotating flows.
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| subjects | Algorithms Calibration Cameras Centrifugal force Coriolis force Engineering Engineering Fluid Dynamics Engineering Thermodynamics Field of view Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Fluid- and Aerodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer Image acquisition Image reconstruction Insects Post-processing Research Article Rotary wings Rotating mirrors Rotor blades (turbomachinery) Three dimensional flow Turbine blades Unsteady flow Velocimetry Velocity distribution Wind turbines |
| title | Rotating three-dimensional velocimetry |
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