Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins
Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the ce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-07, Vol.28 (25), p.32156-32176 |
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| creator | Shahba, Sara Mehrzad, Jalil Malvandi, Amir Mohammad |
| description | Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. This paper reviews the current understanding of mycotoxins’ neuro-immunotoxic features under low-dose exposure and the possible ways for detoxification and clearance as a perspective. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4 |
| format | Article |
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It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. 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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-07, Vol.28 (25), p.32156-32176 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Annual reports Aquatic Pollution Astrocytes Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Central nervous system Detoxification Dosage Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Health risk assessment Health risks Hemostasis Hemostatics Homeostasis Immune clearance Immune system Immunology Inflammation Low level Microglia Mycotoxins Organs Review Article Toxins Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins |
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