The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption
Health has vital importance in maintaining economic development since it is essential for, and a result of, economic development. This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium deve...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2021-06, Vol.13 (12), p.6824 |
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| creator | Qaiser Gillani, Durdana Gillani, Syed Ahmad Saad Naeem, Muhammad Zahid Spulbar, Cristi Coker-Farrell, Elizabeth Ejaz, Abdullah Birau, Ramona |
| description | Health has vital importance in maintaining economic development since it is essential for, and a result of, economic development. This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium development goals (MDGs) and in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), where four of the seventeen objectives focus on improving health outcomes (UN, 2021). As compared to other countries, some Asian countries are still worse off regarding health outcomes and are facing challenges in achieving positive outcomes for such goals. This study mainly focuses on identifying the link between public health expenditures and health outcomes in nine Asian economies from 2000 to 2018. The study implements fixed effects panel data estimations by using the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the suitable estimator for the study. The empirical results from the fixed effects technique show that immunization, GDP per capita, trade openness, and utilization of basic water service facilities improve under-five and infant mortality in Asian economies. However, ecological footprint increases under-five and infant deaths by damaging the environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su13126824 |
| format | Article |
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This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium development goals (MDGs) and in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), where four of the seventeen objectives focus on improving health outcomes (UN, 2021). As compared to other countries, some Asian countries are still worse off regarding health outcomes and are facing challenges in achieving positive outcomes for such goals. This study mainly focuses on identifying the link between public health expenditures and health outcomes in nine Asian economies from 2000 to 2018. The study implements fixed effects panel data estimations by using the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the suitable estimator for the study. The empirical results from the fixed effects technique show that immunization, GDP per capita, trade openness, and utilization of basic water service facilities improve under-five and infant mortality in Asian economies. However, ecological footprint increases under-five and infant deaths by damaging the environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su13126824</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Child mortality ; Children & youth ; Childrens health ; Chronic illnesses ; Climate change ; Consumption ; Decision making ; Developing countries ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Environmental economics ; Expenditures ; Footprint analysis ; Government spending ; Health care expenditures ; Health care policy ; Immunization ; Infant mortality ; Infants ; Infectious diseases ; Labor force ; LDCs ; Life expectancy ; Malnutrition ; Public health ; Researchers ; Sanitation ; Service facilities ; Sharing economy ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2021-06, Vol.13 (12), p.6824</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. 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| subjects | Child mortality Children & youth Childrens health Chronic illnesses Climate change Consumption Decision making Developing countries Economic development Economic growth Economics Environmental economics Expenditures Footprint analysis Government spending Health care expenditures Health care policy Immunization Infant mortality Infants Infectious diseases Labor force LDCs Life expectancy Malnutrition Public health Researchers Sanitation Service facilities Sharing economy Sustainability Sustainable development |
| title | The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption |
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