Serological Evidence of Exposure to Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsiae in Australian Wildlife Rehabilitators
Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne zoonotic diseases, several of which occur in Australia. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels and risk factors for Rickettsia spp. among Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) using serology, PCR and a questionnaire. Antibody titres against Spotted Fever...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pathogens (Basel) 2021-06, Vol.10 (6), p.745, Article 745 |
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| creator | Mathews, Karen O. Phalen, David Norris, Jacqueline M. Stenos, John Toribio, Jenny-Ann Wood, Nicholas Graves, Stephen Sheehy, Paul A. Nguyen, Chelsea Bosward, Katrina L. |
| description | Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne zoonotic diseases, several of which occur in Australia. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels and risk factors for Rickettsia spp. among Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) using serology, PCR and a questionnaire. Antibody titres against Spotted Fever Group (SFG), Typhus Group (TG) and Scrub Typhus Group (STG) antigens were determined using an immunofluorescence assay. PCR targeting the gltA gene was performed on DNA extracts from whole blood and serum. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Of the 27 (22.1%; 27/122) seropositive participants all were seropositive for SFG, with 5/27 (4.1%) also positive for TG. Of the 27 positive sera, 14.8% (4/27) were further classified as exposure to R. australis, 3.7% (1/27) to R. honei, 3.7% (1/27) to R. felis and 77.8% (21/27) were classified as 'indeterminate'-most of which (85.7%; 18/21) were indeterminate R. australis/R. honei exposures. Rickettsia DNA was not detected in whole blood or serum. Rehabilitators were more likely to be seropositive if more than one household member rehabilitated wildlife, were older than 50 years or had occupational animal contact. These findings suggest that AWRs are at increased risk of contracting Rickettsia-related illnesses, however the source of the increased seropositivity remains unclear. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/pathogens10060745 |
| format | Article |
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This study aimed to assess the exposure levels and risk factors for Rickettsia spp. among Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) using serology, PCR and a questionnaire. Antibody titres against Spotted Fever Group (SFG), Typhus Group (TG) and Scrub Typhus Group (STG) antigens were determined using an immunofluorescence assay. PCR targeting the gltA gene was performed on DNA extracts from whole blood and serum. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Of the 27 (22.1%; 27/122) seropositive participants all were seropositive for SFG, with 5/27 (4.1%) also positive for TG. Of the 27 positive sera, 14.8% (4/27) were further classified as exposure to R. australis, 3.7% (1/27) to R. honei, 3.7% (1/27) to R. felis and 77.8% (21/27) were classified as 'indeterminate'-most of which (85.7%; 18/21) were indeterminate R. australis/R. honei exposures. Rickettsia DNA was not detected in whole blood or serum. Rehabilitators were more likely to be seropositive if more than one household member rehabilitated wildlife, were older than 50 years or had occupational animal contact. These findings suggest that AWRs are at increased risk of contracting Rickettsia-related illnesses, however the source of the increased seropositivity remains unclear.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-0817</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-0817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060745</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34204809</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Antibodies ; Antigens ; Arthropods ; Australia ; Blood ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Disease ; DNA ; Exposure ; Fever ; GltA gene ; Immunofluorescence ; Infections ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Microbiology ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Population ; Reptiles & amphibians ; Rickettsia ; Rickettsia felis ; Rickettsia honei ; Rickettsia typhi ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Science & Technology ; Scrub typhus ; Serology ; seroprevalence Rickettsia australis ; Typhus ; Wildlife ; wildlife rehabilitators ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Pathogens (Basel), 2021-06, Vol.10 (6), p.745, Article 745</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>1</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000666086800001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-967de572229dae4d4f06929e8e6f76f30ad1853192dc0b952049199b342e15ae3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-967de572229dae4d4f06929e8e6f76f30ad1853192dc0b952049199b342e15ae3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5465-2926 ; 0000-0003-4262-2599 ; 0000-0002-7561-2162 ; 0000-0002-0003-6930 ; 0000-0001-8320-5244 ; 0000-0001-5234-1606</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231516/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231516/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,27929,27930,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mathews, Karen O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phalen, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norris, Jacqueline M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stenos, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toribio, Jenny-Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graves, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheehy, Paul A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Chelsea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosward, Katrina L.</creatorcontrib><title>Serological Evidence of Exposure to Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsiae in Australian Wildlife Rehabilitators</title><title>Pathogens (Basel)</title><addtitle>PATHOGENS</addtitle><description>Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne zoonotic diseases, several of which occur in Australia. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels and risk factors for Rickettsia spp. among Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) using serology, PCR and a questionnaire. Antibody titres against Spotted Fever Group (SFG), Typhus Group (TG) and Scrub Typhus Group (STG) antigens were determined using an immunofluorescence assay. PCR targeting the gltA gene was performed on DNA extracts from whole blood and serum. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Of the 27 (22.1%; 27/122) seropositive participants all were seropositive for SFG, with 5/27 (4.1%) also positive for TG. Of the 27 positive sera, 14.8% (4/27) were further classified as exposure to R. australis, 3.7% (1/27) to R. honei, 3.7% (1/27) to R. felis and 77.8% (21/27) were classified as 'indeterminate'-most of which (85.7%; 18/21) were indeterminate R. australis/R. honei exposures. Rickettsia DNA was not detected in whole blood or serum. Rehabilitators were more likely to be seropositive if more than one household member rehabilitated wildlife, were older than 50 years or had occupational animal contact. These findings suggest that AWRs are at increased risk of contracting Rickettsia-related illnesses, however the source of the increased seropositivity remains unclear.</description><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Arthropods</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>GltA gene</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Reptiles & amphibians</subject><subject>Rickettsia</subject><subject>Rickettsia felis</subject><subject>Rickettsia honei</subject><subject>Rickettsia typhi</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Scrub typhus</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>seroprevalence Rickettsia australis</subject><subject>Typhus</subject><subject>Wildlife</subject><subject>wildlife rehabilitators</subject><subject>Zoonoses</subject><issn>2076-0817</issn><issn>2076-0817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl9vFCEUxSdGY5vaD-AbiS8mZpU_AwMvJs1mW5s0MWlrfCQM3NllncIIzNb66Z1xN43VF3kBLr97woFTVa8Jfs-Ywh8GUzZxDSETjAVuav6sOqa4EQssSfP8j_VRdZrzFk9D4nn_sjpiNcW1xOq4-nkDKfZx7a3p0WrnHQQLKHZo9WOIeUyASkQ3QywFHDqHHSR0keI4IBMcun0YNmM-FK69_QalZG8A-YDOxlyS6b0J6KvvXe87QNewMa3vfTElpvyqetGZPsPpYT6pvpyvbpefFlefLy6XZ1cLWze4LJRoHPCGUqqcgdrVHRaKKpAgukZ0DBtHJGdEUWdxq_jkTBGl2skjEG6AnVSXe10XzVYPyd-Z9KCj8fp3Iaa1Nql424PmHZZKCs6owzXu6lY5yV1rDVNUCDtrfdxrDWN7B85CmE0-EX16EvxGr-NOS8oIJ2ISeHsQSPH7CLnoO58t9L0JEMesKa8lU5wxPqFv_kK3cUxheqqZmkxKReuJInvKpphzgu7xMgTrOSj6n6BMPe_2PffQxi5bP3_6Y98UFCEElkLOmSETLf-fXs6f62NYxjEU9gsQ6NNU</recordid><startdate>20210612</startdate><enddate>20210612</enddate><creator>Mathews, Karen O.</creator><creator>Phalen, David</creator><creator>Norris, Jacqueline M.</creator><creator>Stenos, John</creator><creator>Toribio, Jenny-Ann</creator><creator>Wood, Nicholas</creator><creator>Graves, Stephen</creator><creator>Sheehy, Paul A.</creator><creator>Nguyen, Chelsea</creator><creator>Bosward, Katrina L.</creator><general>Mdpi</general><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-2926</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-2599</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-2162</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-6930</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5244</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-1606</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210612</creationdate><title>Serological Evidence of Exposure to Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsiae in Australian Wildlife Rehabilitators</title><author>Mathews, Karen O. ; 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This study aimed to assess the exposure levels and risk factors for Rickettsia spp. among Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) using serology, PCR and a questionnaire. Antibody titres against Spotted Fever Group (SFG), Typhus Group (TG) and Scrub Typhus Group (STG) antigens were determined using an immunofluorescence assay. PCR targeting the gltA gene was performed on DNA extracts from whole blood and serum. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Of the 27 (22.1%; 27/122) seropositive participants all were seropositive for SFG, with 5/27 (4.1%) also positive for TG. Of the 27 positive sera, 14.8% (4/27) were further classified as exposure to R. australis, 3.7% (1/27) to R. honei, 3.7% (1/27) to R. felis and 77.8% (21/27) were classified as 'indeterminate'-most of which (85.7%; 18/21) were indeterminate R. australis/R. honei exposures. Rickettsia DNA was not detected in whole blood or serum. Rehabilitators were more likely to be seropositive if more than one household member rehabilitated wildlife, were older than 50 years or had occupational animal contact. These findings suggest that AWRs are at increased risk of contracting Rickettsia-related illnesses, however the source of the increased seropositivity remains unclear.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><pmid>34204809</pmid><doi>10.3390/pathogens10060745</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-2926</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-2599</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-2162</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-6930</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5244</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-1606</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antibodies Antigens Arthropods Australia Blood Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease DNA Exposure Fever GltA gene Immunofluorescence Infections Life Sciences & Biomedicine Microbiology Polymerase chain reaction Population Reptiles & amphibians Rickettsia Rickettsia felis Rickettsia honei Rickettsia typhi Risk analysis Risk factors Science & Technology Scrub typhus Serology seroprevalence Rickettsia australis Typhus Wildlife wildlife rehabilitators Zoonoses |
| title | Serological Evidence of Exposure to Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsiae in Australian Wildlife Rehabilitators |
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