A preliminary study on the effect of gender‐matched odours on the evaluation of emotional, cognitive and aesthetic characteristics of faces
Facial attractiveness plays an important role in everyday social interactions. In the present study, we investigated whether people's evaluation of attractiveness can be modulated by odours. In Experiment 1, twelve participants rated a series of odours on several perceptual and synaesthetic cha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Flavour and fragrance journal 2021-07, Vol.36 (4), p.436-445 |
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| container_title | Flavour and fragrance journal |
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| creator | Risso, Paola Maggioni, Emanuela Gallace, Alberto |
| description | Facial attractiveness plays an important role in everyday social interactions. In the present study, we investigated whether people's evaluation of attractiveness can be modulated by odours. In Experiment 1, twelve participants rated a series of odours on several perceptual and synaesthetic characteristics (gender, pleasantness, cheerfulness, intensity, arousal and association with food), along visual analogue scales. In Experiment 2, the participants judged the attractiveness of female and male faces, while smelling an odour that was rated in Experiment 1 as more feminine (caramel), masculine (licorice) or when odourless water was presented. The results showed that the participants evaluated female faces as more attractive when the caramel odour was concurrently presented. By contrast, the participants evaluated the male faces as more attractive when the licorice odour was presented. These results highlight the importance of the synaesthetic associations between “gender” and odours on people's judgements of facial attractiveness.
Male and female faces attractiveness enhanced by the odours. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ffj.3653 |
| format | Article |
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Male and female faces attractiveness enhanced by the odours.</description><subject>Arousal</subject><subject>Attraction</subject><subject>Caramel</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>face perception</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>multisensory integration</subject><subject>Odor</subject><subject>Odors</subject><subject>odour perception</subject><subject>Smell</subject><subject>Social factors</subject><subject>Social interactions</subject><subject>Synesthesia</subject><issn>0882-5734</issn><issn>1099-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtKA0EQRRtRMEbBT2hw48KJ_ZjnMgTjA8GNrodKd3XSYR6xeyaSnT8g-I1-iT1G3LmqunBuUfcScs7ZhDMmro1ZT2SayAMy4qwoIs5EekhGLM9FlGQyPiYn3q8ZYzJjbEQ-pnTjsLK1bcDtqO96vaNtQ7sVUjQGVUdbQ5fYaHRf7581dGqFmra67Z3_A7dQ9dDZIAOMdTusUF1R1S4b29ktUmg0BfSB7qyiagUOVIfO-iD94DKg0J-SIwOVx7PfOSYv85vn2V30-HR7P5s-RkoUUkapAsjUIk9AcI1xiK0WKs4gYRnyOF8UGrgxIk6Qy0wKELFmMVcql0YLmcdyTC72dzeufe3DW-U65Akv-1IksshllgbjmFzuKeVa7x2acuNsHWoqOSuHsstQdjmUHdBoj77ZCnf_cuV8_vDDfwNKR4NW</recordid><startdate>202107</startdate><enddate>202107</enddate><creator>Risso, Paola</creator><creator>Maggioni, Emanuela</creator><creator>Gallace, Alberto</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-6932</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202107</creationdate><title>A preliminary study on the effect of gender‐matched odours on the evaluation of emotional, cognitive and aesthetic characteristics of faces</title><author>Risso, Paola ; Maggioni, Emanuela ; Gallace, Alberto</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2933-6caa7cb85a21de4002cbc47a507e148b9da1ff245e13732a24d041cc83fd23843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Arousal</topic><topic>Attraction</topic><topic>Caramel</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>face perception</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>multisensory integration</topic><topic>Odor</topic><topic>Odors</topic><topic>odour perception</topic><topic>Smell</topic><topic>Social factors</topic><topic>Social interactions</topic><topic>Synesthesia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Risso, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maggioni, Emanuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallace, Alberto</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Flavour and fragrance journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Risso, Paola</au><au>Maggioni, Emanuela</au><au>Gallace, Alberto</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A preliminary study on the effect of gender‐matched odours on the evaluation of emotional, cognitive and aesthetic characteristics of faces</atitle><jtitle>Flavour and fragrance journal</jtitle><date>2021-07</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>436</spage><epage>445</epage><pages>436-445</pages><issn>0882-5734</issn><eissn>1099-1026</eissn><abstract>Facial attractiveness plays an important role in everyday social interactions. In the present study, we investigated whether people's evaluation of attractiveness can be modulated by odours. In Experiment 1, twelve participants rated a series of odours on several perceptual and synaesthetic characteristics (gender, pleasantness, cheerfulness, intensity, arousal and association with food), along visual analogue scales. In Experiment 2, the participants judged the attractiveness of female and male faces, while smelling an odour that was rated in Experiment 1 as more feminine (caramel), masculine (licorice) or when odourless water was presented. The results showed that the participants evaluated female faces as more attractive when the caramel odour was concurrently presented. By contrast, the participants evaluated the male faces as more attractive when the licorice odour was presented. These results highlight the importance of the synaesthetic associations between “gender” and odours on people's judgements of facial attractiveness.
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| ispartof | Flavour and fragrance journal, 2021-07, Vol.36 (4), p.436-445 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Arousal Attraction Caramel Cognitive ability Experiments face perception Gender Males multisensory integration Odor Odors odour perception Smell Social factors Social interactions Synesthesia |
| title | A preliminary study on the effect of gender‐matched odours on the evaluation of emotional, cognitive and aesthetic characteristics of faces |
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